Main Article Content
Abstract
Previous research has validated teachers' positive attitudes toward incorporating digital technology into general English classes, but little research has been undertaken in vocational universities, where English is classified as English for Specific Purposes. As a response, this study explored vocational university teachers’ perceptions of integrating digital technology in teaching English by considering years of teaching experience. Framed by a mixed-method research design with surveys and interviews, it engaged 120 vocational university teachers in Indonesia. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics, paired-sample t-tests, and one-way ANOVA, while thematic analysis was applied to qualitative data. The analysis showed that 66.5% teachers perceived advantageously toward digital technology integration in the teaching of English to vocational university students. The findings disclosed that most participants perceived digital technology integration positively in terms of helping teachers teach English, increasing teachers’ creativity, assisting students in learning English, and supporting teachers’ professional development. Yet, 25% of the participants stated they were neutral, while 8.5% disagreed with the majority. It might be caused by challenges that still arose during technology integration in EFL classes. Further, there were no significant differences in statistical analysis comparing the teachers’ perception based on teaching experience. Several suggestions for teachers, vocational institutions, and educational policymakers were presented to shed light on vocational teachers’ professional development, which could improve the vocational education system.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Damar Isti Pratiwi, Budi Waluyo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
References
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- Boonmoh, A., Jumpakate, T., & Karpklon, S. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions and experience in using technology for the classroom. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 22(1), 1–24. http://callej.org/journal/22-1/Boonmoh-Jumpakate-Karpklon2021.pdf
- Chapelle, C., & Sauro, S. (2017). The handbook of technology and second language teaching and learning. Wiley Blackwell.
- Crawford, J., Butler-henderson, K., Rudolph, J., Malkawi, B., Glowatz, M., Burton, R., Magni, P. A., & Lam, S. (2020). Covid-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7
- Fathali, S., Marandi, S. S., & Okada, T. (2020). Beyond the language classroom: a case of Japanese EFL students ’ engagement with ICT. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 21(2), 150–175. http://callej.org/journal/21-2/Fathali-Marandi-Okada2020.pdf
- Gavranović, V., & Prodanović, M. (2021). Esp teachers’ perspectives on the online teaching environment imposed in the covid-19 era – a case study. New Educational Review, 64, 188–197. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2021.64.2.15
- Graça, V., Quadros-Flores, L. P., & Ramos, A. (2021). The challenges of initial teacher training. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(18), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i18.24237
- Hazaea, A. N., & Alzubi, A. A. (2018). Impact of mobile assisted language learning on learner autonomy in EFL reading context. Journal of Language and Education, 4(2), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-2-48-58
- Irvine, J. (2019). Relationship between teaching experience and teacher effectiveness: implications for policy decisions. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 22(March), 1–19. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1216895.pdf
- Kasuma, S. A. A., Akhiar, A., Haron, H., Fesal, S. N. H. S., & Kadir, N. F. A. (2021). University students’ perceptions of motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy in online English language learning. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 2763–2784. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.36
- Mahbub, M. A. (2018). English teaching in vocational high school: a need analysis. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 5(2), 229–258. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v5i2.835
- Maming, K., Saleh, N. J., & Yassi, A. H. (2020). A preliminary study on teacher’s voices: Their problems in ELT and content-based instruction (CBI). Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(2), 707–714. https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.2.29.707
- Nhu, P. T. T., Keong, T. C., & Wah, L. K. (2014). Issues and challenges in using ICT for teaching English in Vietnam. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 20(3), 140–155. http://callej.org/journal/20-3/Pham-Tan-Lee2019.pdf
- OECD iLibrary. (2009). The professional development of teachers. In Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). https://doi.org/10.1787/607807256201
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- Pratiwi, D. I., Atmaja, D. S., & Prasetya, H. W. (2021). Multiple e-learning technologies on practicing TOEFL structure and written expression. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i1.1194
- Pratiwi, D. I., Fitriati, S. W., Yuliasri, I., & Waluyo, B. (2024). Flipped classroom with gamified technology and paper ‑ based method for teaching vocabulary. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00222-4
- Pratiwi, D. I., & Ubaedillah, U. (2021). Digital vocabulary class in english for railway mechanical technology. Teaching English with Technology, 21(3), 67–88. https://tewtjournal.org/download/digital-vocabulary-class-in-english-for-railway-mechanical-technology-by-damar-isti-pratiwi-and-ubaedillah-ubaedillah/
- Pratiwi, D. I., Ubaedillah, U., Puspitasari, A., & Arifianto, T. (2022). Flipped classroom in online speaking class at Indonesian university context. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 697–714. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15238a
- Pratiwi, D. I., & Waluyo, B. (2022). Integrating task and game-based learning into an online TOEFL preparatory course during the COVID-19 outbreak at two Indonesian higher education institutions. Malaysian Journal of Learning & Instruction, 19(2), 37–67. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2022.19.2.2
- Rahman, M., & Izzah, L. (2015). The power of storytelling in teaching English to young learners. 1st International Seminar Childhood Care and Education: Aisiyah’s Awareness on Early Childhood and Education, August, 70–81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324277772
- Santosa, I., & Iskandar, I. (2023). Portrayal of professional digital competence (PDC) of English teacher: digital immigrant vs. native. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 7(2), 197–216.
- Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. SAGE Publications Ltd.
- Shatri, K., Buza, K., & Bunjaku, F. (2021). Teachers’ perception on the benefits of using online resources. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(11), 289–307. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i11.21407
- Stockwell, G. (2013). Technology and motivation in English-language teaching and learning. In International Perspectives on Motivation (pp. 156–175). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137000873_9
- Sumarni, S., Iskandar, I., & Santosa, I. (2023). Assessing digital competence among pre-service language teachers: strengths and challenges. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 7(3), 613–631.
- Tican, C., & Deniz, S. (2018). Pre-service teachers’ opinions about the use of 21st century learner and 21st century teacher skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.181
- Ulla, M. B., & Winitkun, D. (2018). In-service teacher training program in Thailand: teachers’ beliefs, needs, and challenges. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(3), 1579–1594. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-1943-2016
- Uwizeyimana, V. (2018). Digital native (ness), mobile technologies and language proficiency in Rwanda. Register Journal, 11(2), 121–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v11i2.121-138
- Waluyo, B., & Bucol, J. L. (2021). The impact of gamified vocabulary learning using quizlet on low-proficiency students. Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 22(1), 164–185. http://callej.org/journal/22-1/Waluyo-Bucol2021.pdf
- Waluyo, B., Min, F., & Castillo, V. V. (2022). Teaching English online in higher education : understanding the social climate of online academic English courses. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 38(6), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7978
- Zhao, Y., & Watterston, J. (2021). The changes we need: education post Covid-19. Journal of Educational Change, 22(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09417-3
References
Aimah, S., Rukmini, D., Saleh, M., & Bharati, D. A. L. (2020). Pre-service English teachers’ voices: what do they expect from a supervisor in a microteaching class? Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(3), 1039–1047. https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.3.20.1039
Boonmoh, A., Jumpakate, T., & Karpklon, S. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions and experience in using technology for the classroom. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 22(1), 1–24. http://callej.org/journal/22-1/Boonmoh-Jumpakate-Karpklon2021.pdf
Chapelle, C., & Sauro, S. (2017). The handbook of technology and second language teaching and learning. Wiley Blackwell.
Crawford, J., Butler-henderson, K., Rudolph, J., Malkawi, B., Glowatz, M., Burton, R., Magni, P. A., & Lam, S. (2020). Covid-19: 20 countries’ higher education intra-period digital pedagogy responses. Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7
Fathali, S., Marandi, S. S., & Okada, T. (2020). Beyond the language classroom: a case of Japanese EFL students ’ engagement with ICT. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 21(2), 150–175. http://callej.org/journal/21-2/Fathali-Marandi-Okada2020.pdf
Gavranović, V., & Prodanović, M. (2021). Esp teachers’ perspectives on the online teaching environment imposed in the covid-19 era – a case study. New Educational Review, 64, 188–197. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2021.64.2.15
Graça, V., Quadros-Flores, L. P., & Ramos, A. (2021). The challenges of initial teacher training. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(18), 85–96. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i18.24237
Hazaea, A. N., & Alzubi, A. A. (2018). Impact of mobile assisted language learning on learner autonomy in EFL reading context. Journal of Language and Education, 4(2), 48–58. https://doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2018-4-2-48-58
Irvine, J. (2019). Relationship between teaching experience and teacher effectiveness: implications for policy decisions. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies, 22(March), 1–19. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1216895.pdf
Kasuma, S. A. A., Akhiar, A., Haron, H., Fesal, S. N. H. S., & Kadir, N. F. A. (2021). University students’ perceptions of motivation, attitude, and self-efficacy in online English language learning. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 29(4), 2763–2784. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.29.4.36
Mahbub, M. A. (2018). English teaching in vocational high school: a need analysis. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 5(2), 229–258. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v5i2.835
Maming, K., Saleh, N. J., & Yassi, A. H. (2020). A preliminary study on teacher’s voices: Their problems in ELT and content-based instruction (CBI). Journal of Asia TEFL, 17(2), 707–714. https://doi.org/10.18823/asiatefl.2020.17.2.29.707
Nhu, P. T. T., Keong, T. C., & Wah, L. K. (2014). Issues and challenges in using ICT for teaching English in Vietnam. Computer-Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 20(3), 140–155. http://callej.org/journal/20-3/Pham-Tan-Lee2019.pdf
OECD iLibrary. (2009). The professional development of teachers. In Creating Effective Teaching and Learning Environments: First Results from TALIS. The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). https://doi.org/10.1787/607807256201
Podolsky, A., Kini, T., & Darling-Hammond, L. (2019). Does teaching experience increase teacher effectiveness? a review of US research. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 4(4), 286–308. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-12-2018-0032
Pratiwi, D. I., Anggraeni, C. W., Tristiana, N. E., Amumpuni, R. S., & Sholikhah, M. (2023). Integrating task-based learning and ICT in reading and writing classes in hybrid setting. Journal of Educational Research and Evaluation, 7(2), 294–305.
Pratiwi, D. I., Atmaja, D. S., & Prasetya, H. W. (2021). Multiple e-learning technologies on practicing TOEFL structure and written expression. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 6(1), 105–115. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v6i1.1194
Pratiwi, D. I., Fitriati, S. W., Yuliasri, I., & Waluyo, B. (2024). Flipped classroom with gamified technology and paper ‑ based method for teaching vocabulary. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00222-4
Pratiwi, D. I., & Ubaedillah, U. (2021). Digital vocabulary class in english for railway mechanical technology. Teaching English with Technology, 21(3), 67–88. https://tewtjournal.org/download/digital-vocabulary-class-in-english-for-railway-mechanical-technology-by-damar-isti-pratiwi-and-ubaedillah-ubaedillah/
Pratiwi, D. I., Ubaedillah, U., Puspitasari, A., & Arifianto, T. (2022). Flipped classroom in online speaking class at Indonesian university context. International Journal of Instruction, 15(2), 697–714. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15238a
Pratiwi, D. I., & Waluyo, B. (2022). Integrating task and game-based learning into an online TOEFL preparatory course during the COVID-19 outbreak at two Indonesian higher education institutions. Malaysian Journal of Learning & Instruction, 19(2), 37–67. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2022.19.2.2
Rahman, M., & Izzah, L. (2015). The power of storytelling in teaching English to young learners. 1st International Seminar Childhood Care and Education: Aisiyah’s Awareness on Early Childhood and Education, August, 70–81. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324277772
Santosa, I., & Iskandar, I. (2023). Portrayal of professional digital competence (PDC) of English teacher: digital immigrant vs. native. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 7(2), 197–216.
Schreier, M. (2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. SAGE Publications Ltd.
Shatri, K., Buza, K., & Bunjaku, F. (2021). Teachers’ perception on the benefits of using online resources. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(11), 289–307. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i11.21407
Stockwell, G. (2013). Technology and motivation in English-language teaching and learning. In International Perspectives on Motivation (pp. 156–175). https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137000873_9
Sumarni, S., Iskandar, I., & Santosa, I. (2023). Assessing digital competence among pre-service language teachers: strengths and challenges. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 7(3), 613–631.
Tican, C., & Deniz, S. (2018). Pre-service teachers’ opinions about the use of 21st century learner and 21st century teacher skills. European Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 181–197. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.1.181
Ulla, M. B., & Winitkun, D. (2018). In-service teacher training program in Thailand: teachers’ beliefs, needs, and challenges. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 26(3), 1579–1594. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/regular-issue?article=JSSH-1943-2016
Uwizeyimana, V. (2018). Digital native (ness), mobile technologies and language proficiency in Rwanda. Register Journal, 11(2), 121–138. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v11i2.121-138
Waluyo, B., & Bucol, J. L. (2021). The impact of gamified vocabulary learning using quizlet on low-proficiency students. Computer Assisted Language Learning Electronic Journal (CALL-EJ), 22(1), 164–185. http://callej.org/journal/22-1/Waluyo-Bucol2021.pdf
Waluyo, B., Min, F., & Castillo, V. V. (2022). Teaching English online in higher education : understanding the social climate of online academic English courses. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 38(6), 91–106. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.7978
Zhao, Y., & Watterston, J. (2021). The changes we need: education post Covid-19. Journal of Educational Change, 22(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10833-021-09417-3