Main Article Content
Abstract
In early English education, textbooks strongly influence children’s language acquisition and development. Yet, many prioritize cognitive skills while neglecting emotional and physical growth, limiting their suitability for young learners. This study evaluates the English textbook My Next Words, developed under Indonesia’s Merdeka Curriculum, through an early childhood development lens encompassing cognitive, emotional, and physical dimensions. Using a descriptive design, data were collected from textbook analysis and semi-structured interviews with five English teachers in Lengayang District, Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra. The data were then analyzed by measuring the percentage of each dimension of children’s development to present the majority from three dimensions. The results of this study revealed that while the textbook effectively supports cognitive development (74.1%), it provides minimal attention to emotional (18.5%) and physical (7.4%) growth. Teachers further reported that activities were repetitive and cognitively oriented, restricting creativity and hands-on engagement. These findings highlight a significant gap in English for Young Learners (EYL) resources, where textbooks often lack balance across developmental domains. The study contributes to EYL and textbook development by underscoring the need for more holistic materials that foster not only language skills but also children’s emotional and physical growth.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Meisyani Gustri Fadila, Yenni Rozimela, Yetti Zainil

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Ciptaan disebarluaskan di bawah Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
References
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- Cade, J., Wardle, F., & Otter, J. (2022). Quality early care and learning: Exploring child-centered pedagogy a qualitative multi-case study. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2144589
- Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
- Cameron, L. (2010). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
- Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education. Routledge.
- Cunningsworth. (19995). Analysing and Evaluating Coursebooks: A Rationale and Some Guidelines. In Choosing Your Coursebook.
- Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Heineman.
- Ellis, R. (1997). The empirical evaluation of language teaching materials. ELT Journal, 51(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.1.36
- Furidha, B. W. (2023). Comprehension of the descriptive qualitative research method. ACITYA WISESA: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(4), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.56943/jmr.v2i4.443
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- Haulle, E., & Kabelege, E. (2021). Relevance and quality of textbooks used in Primary Education in Tanzania: A case of Social Studies textbooks. Contemporary Education Dialogue, 18(1), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973184920962702
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- Khachaturyan, V., & Ghalacyan, A. (2023). Textbook as a means of improving learning process. Научный Вестник, 1(44), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.24234/scientific.v1i44.48
- Khoirunnisah, F., Putra, I. N. A. J., & Utami, I. G. A. L. P. (2022). Building skills, knowledge, and attitude related to student-centered learning: A content analysis on Virginia Evan’S English grammar book round-Up. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia, 10(2), 2615–4404. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v10i2.740
- Krashen, S. (2007). Principles and practice in second language acquisition (Issue January 1982). University of Southern California.
- Linse, C. T., & Nunan, D. (2005). Practical English language teaching. McGraw Hill.
- Lozanov, G. (1978). Suggestology and outlines of suggestopedy. Gordon and Breach.
- Lunga, P., Esterhuizen, S., & Koen, M. (2022). Play-based pedagogy: An approach to advance young children’s holistic development. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1133
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- Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York.
- Pinter, A. (2011). Children learning second languages. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs009
- Putri, D. E., Arasuli, A., & Sukesi, E. (2022). An evaluation of speaking materials in Think Globally Act locally textbook for ninth grade of junior high school. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 6(4), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.6.4.514-526
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- Richards, J. C. (2001). Curriculum development in language teaching (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Richards, J. C. (2015). Key issues in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
- Richards, J. C. (2017). Teaching English through English: Proficiency, pedagogy and performance. RELC Journal, 48(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368821769005
- Rismasari, & Arsyad, S. (2023). Comparison of cultural awareness in English textbook for general and elective programs used by EFL of senior high school. Journal of English for Specific Purposes in Indonesia, 2(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.33369/espindonesia.v1i2.25788
- Şimşek, M. R., & Dündar, E. (2018). Particularised checklists in materials evaluation: Developing contextually relevant criteria for Turkish EFL classes. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(3), 154–189.
- Suryana, E., Sopiah, M., Agustiawan, & Harto, S. (2022). Early childhood development (Physical, Intellectual, emotional, social, moral, and religious tasks) implications For education. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 361. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijec.v4i2.1674
- Tavakol, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2023). Teaching English to young learners in private sector of Iranian ELT: Challenges and local realities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 105–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12453
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- Tomlinson, B. (2023). Developing materials for language teaching. In Analytical Biochemistry (3rd ed., Vol. 11, Issue 1). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
- Umar, A.-M. A. T., & Ameen, A. A. (2022). Evaluation of an ESP textbook from teachers’ and students’ points of view: A case study of nursing one for premedical students at a Saudi university. Arab World English Journal, 13(2), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no2.11
- Vitta, J. P. (2021). The functions and features of ELT textbooks and textbook analysis: A concise review. RELC Journal, 54(3), 856-863. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211035826
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References
Alshumaimeri, Y., & Alharbi, T. (2024). English textbook evaluation: a Saudi EFL teacher’s perspective. Frontiers in Education, 9(November), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1479735
Brazelton, T. B., & Greenspan, S. I. (2000). The irreducible needs of children: What every child must have to grow, learn, and flourish. Perseus Publishing.
Cade, J., Wardle, F., & Otter, J. (2022). Quality early care and learning: Exploring child-centered pedagogy a qualitative multi-case study. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2144589
Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, L. (2010). Teaching languages to young learners. Cambridge University Press.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education. Routledge.
Cunningsworth. (19995). Analysing and Evaluating Coursebooks: A Rationale and Some Guidelines. In Choosing Your Coursebook.
Cunningsworth, A. (1995). Choosing your coursebook. Heineman.
Ellis, R. (1997). The empirical evaluation of language teaching materials. ELT Journal, 51(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/51.1.36
Furidha, B. W. (2023). Comprehension of the descriptive qualitative research method. ACITYA WISESA: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(4), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.56943/jmr.v2i4.443
Garth, A. (2022). Grammar practice activities in ELT textbooks: types, order, and interrelated series. English Teaching(South Korea), 77(3), 3–28. https://doi.org/10.15858/engtea.77.3.202209.3
Garton, S., & Graves, K. (2014). Materials in ELT: Current issues. In International Perspectives on Materials in ELT (pp. 1–15). Springer Nature.
Haulle, E., & Kabelege, E. (2021). Relevance and quality of textbooks used in Primary Education in Tanzania: A case of Social Studies textbooks. Contemporary Education Dialogue, 18(1), 12–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0973184920962702
Hazizah, N., Mutmainah, A., Said, B., & Syam, N. F. (2025). The effectiveness of PWIN in teaching vocabulary to sixth-grade students at SDN 4 Balangnipa. JEEYAL (The Journal of English Teaching for Young and Adult Learners, 4(2), 19–27.
Jasrial, D., Jufrizal, J., & Eang, N. (2024). Pedagogical grammar in an Indonesian ELT textbook: Features, approaches, and design criteria analysis. International Journal of Language Pedagogy, 4(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.24036/ijolp.v4i1.63
Khachaturyan, V., & Ghalacyan, A. (2023). Textbook as a means of improving learning process. Научный Вестник, 1(44), 96–107. https://doi.org/10.24234/scientific.v1i44.48
Khoirunnisah, F., Putra, I. N. A. J., & Utami, I. G. A. L. P. (2022). Building skills, knowledge, and attitude related to student-centered learning: A content analysis on Virginia Evan’S English grammar book round-Up. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris Indonesia, 10(2), 2615–4404. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpbi.v10i2.740
Krashen, S. (2007). Principles and practice in second language acquisition (Issue January 1982). University of Southern California.
Linse, C. T., & Nunan, D. (2005). Practical English language teaching. McGraw Hill.
Lozanov, G. (1978). Suggestology and outlines of suggestopedy. Gordon and Breach.
Lunga, P., Esterhuizen, S., & Koen, M. (2022). Play-based pedagogy: An approach to advance young children’s holistic development. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 12(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajce.v12i1.1133
Negin Samoudi, & Mohammad Mohammadi. (2021). ELT textbook evaluation: A two-phase criterion. Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 4(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.36597/jelp.v4i1.9666
Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York.
Pinter, A. (2011). Children learning second languages. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccs009
Putri, D. E., Arasuli, A., & Sukesi, E. (2022). An evaluation of speaking materials in Think Globally Act locally textbook for ninth grade of junior high school. Journal of English Education and Teaching, 6(4), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.6.4.514-526
Ratri, D. P., & Tyas, P. A. (2022). Review locally tailored ELT textbooks to meet primary students’ need: Textbooks development. JEES (Journal of English Educators Society), 7(2), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.21070/jees.v7i2.1667
Riadini, U. S., & Cahyono, B. Y. (2021). The analysis of the culture-related contents in an Indonesian English textbook. IJELTAL (Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics), 5(2), 285. https://doi.org/10.21093/ijeltal.v5i2.711
Richards, J. C. (2001). Curriculum development in language teaching (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (2015). Key issues in language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (2017). Teaching English through English: Proficiency, pedagogy and performance. RELC Journal, 48(1), 7–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/003368821769005
Rismasari, & Arsyad, S. (2023). Comparison of cultural awareness in English textbook for general and elective programs used by EFL of senior high school. Journal of English for Specific Purposes in Indonesia, 2(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.33369/espindonesia.v1i2.25788
Şimşek, M. R., & Dündar, E. (2018). Particularised checklists in materials evaluation: Developing contextually relevant criteria for Turkish EFL classes. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(3), 154–189.
Suryana, E., Sopiah, M., Agustiawan, & Harto, S. (2022). Early childhood development (Physical, Intellectual, emotional, social, moral, and religious tasks) implications For education. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood: Jurnal Dunia Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 361. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijec.v4i2.1674
Tavakol, M., & Tavakoli, M. (2023). Teaching English to young learners in private sector of Iranian ELT: Challenges and local realities. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 33(2), 105–131. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijal.12453
Tomlinson, B. (2015). Materials Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Tomlinson, B. (2023). Developing materials for language teaching. In Analytical Biochemistry (3rd ed., Vol. 11, Issue 1). Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
Umar, A.-M. A. T., & Ameen, A. A. (2022). Evaluation of an ESP textbook from teachers’ and students’ points of view: A case study of nursing one for premedical students at a Saudi university. Arab World English Journal, 13(2), 157–176. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol13no2.11
Vitta, J. P. (2021). The functions and features of ELT textbooks and textbook analysis: A concise review. RELC Journal, 54(3), 856-863. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882211035826
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: Development of higher psychological processes. The President and Fellows of Harvad College.