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November 13, 2023
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May 28, 2025
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Abstract

Bahan baku utama busa poliuretan fleksibel (PUF) adalah poliol yang berasal dari turunan minyak bumi. Poliol tersebut membutuhkan waktu lama untuk terurai. Sintesis PUF dari poliol minyak kelapa sawit dapat meningkatkan kemampuan biodegradasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan biodegradasi PUF berbasis poliol minyak kelapa sawit dalam air laut. Minyak kelapa sawit diubah menjadi poliol melalui reaksi epoksidasi dan hidroksilasi. Poliol minyak kelapa sawit disubstitusi dengan PEG-400 dan poliol komersial untuk meningkatkan karakteristik PUF. Sistem poliol (poliol minyak kelapa sawit 60%:PEG-400 40%; poliol minyak kelapa sawit 50%:PEG-400 50%;  poliol minyak kelapa sawit 60%:poliol komersial 40%;  poliol minyak kelapa sawit 50%:poliol komersial 50%) direaksikan dengan toluen diisosianat (TDI) untuk membentuk PUF.  Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah PUF dengan komposisi poliol yang berbeda (PUF1, PUF2, PUF3, PUF4, dan Kontrol). PUF dilakukan biodegradasi di dalam air laut selama 30 hari. Penurunan berat sampel busa diukur setiap lima hari. Pengamatan FTIR, XRD, TGA, dan SEM dilakukan setelah sampel terurai selama 30 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PUF1 memiliki kemampuan biodegradasi tertinggi dalam air laut, dengan susut berat sebesar 44%. FTIR menunjukkan bahwa ikatan ester pada PUF1 telah terurai dan menghilangnya puncak serapan gugus isosianat (-NCO) akibat proses biodegradasi. XRD mengidentifikasi adanya kristal PEG-400 yang membutuhkan waktu untuk terurai. Namun PEG-400 lebih mudah terurai dibandingkan poliol komersial. SEM menunjukkan bahwa permukaan PUF1 menjadi kasar dan kerangka sel busa menjadi rusak.

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Copyright (c) 2025 Neswati Neswati, Kurnia Harlina Dewi, Anggun Ayu Selvia, Tri Larasati

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How to Cite
Neswati, N., Dewi, K. H., Selvia, A. A., & Larasati, T. (2025). EVALUASI BUSA POLIURETAN FLEKSIBEL BIODEGRADABLE BERBASIS POLIOL MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT: KEMAMPUAN BIODEGRADASI DALAM AIR LAUT. Jurnal Agroindustri, 15(1), 53–67. https://doi.org/10.31186/jagroindustri.15.1.53-67
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