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Abstract
This paper sheds light on the phonological issues of Chinese-named entities transliterated into Nepali in contrast to the Source language phonology, Hàny? P?ny?n (pinyin) and the target language phonology. We compared 500 transliterated nouns, related their pronunciation to source language employing speaker and listener oriented experiment on phonological similarity and found out that the prevailed sound translation approaches are strictly inclined to pinyin, where the preservation of the source language phonological units and their nativization in target language orthography, the priority over phonological equivalence are completely neglected and the prevalent issues like phonological gaps, inconsistencies, mis-syllabification etc. aroused. We purpose phonological based Dualistic Equivalence Approach (hybrid transliteration approach)based on Nepali Chinese bilinguals’ perceptual similarity to address the existing issues mainly where the monotonous sound alignment in between source language, pinyin and target language breaks down.
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References
- Acharya. J. (1991). A descriptive of Nepali and an analyzed corpus. Georgetown University Press.
- Al Khuli, M. (1982). A Dictionary of Theoretical Linguistics. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
- Adhikari, M., and Neupane, A. (2020). A vowel-based word splitter to improve performance of existing Nepali morphological analyzers on words borrowed from Sanskrit. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering, and Technology, 14(1), 1-4.
- ___________ (2011). The Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names. Standards Press of China.Beijing.
- Branner, D. P. (2003). Tonal Prosody in Chinese Parallel Prose. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 123 (1), 93-119.
- Catford, J. C. (1965). A linguistic theory of translation. Oxford University Press: London.
- Chris, and Chao. (2007). Foreign names into native tongues How to transfer sound between languages — Transliteration, phonological translation, nativization, and implications for translation theory, John Benjamins Publishing Company 19:1, 45–68.
- Crystal, D. (1991). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
- Duanmu, San. (2000). The phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Febriani, R. B., Rohayani, R., & Syafryadin, S. (2021). An Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in Powell’s Poem “You Are My Everything”. International Journal of Innovation and Education Research, 1(1), 53-59.
- Kotyk, J. (2015). References to Nepal in Classical Chinese Sources Medieval Investigations. Kathmandu, Nepal.
- Newmark, P. (1988). Textbook on Translation. Prentice-Hall International.
- Nida, E. A. (1964). Towards a science of translating. E. J. Brill: Leiden.
- Norman, J. (1988). Chinese. New York; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
- Mair and Mei. (1991). The Sanskrit Origins of Recent Style Chinese Prosody. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 51(2), 375-470.
- Pokharel, M. P. (1989). Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pune.
References
Acharya. J. (1991). A descriptive of Nepali and an analyzed corpus. Georgetown University Press.
Al Khuli, M. (1982). A Dictionary of Theoretical Linguistics. Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
Adhikari, M., and Neupane, A. (2020). A vowel-based word splitter to improve performance of existing Nepali morphological analyzers on words borrowed from Sanskrit. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering, and Technology, 14(1), 1-4.
___________ (2011). The Chinese phonetic alphabet spelling rules for Chinese names. Standards Press of China.Beijing.
Branner, D. P. (2003). Tonal Prosody in Chinese Parallel Prose. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 123 (1), 93-119.
Catford, J. C. (1965). A linguistic theory of translation. Oxford University Press: London.
Chris, and Chao. (2007). Foreign names into native tongues How to transfer sound between languages — Transliteration, phonological translation, nativization, and implications for translation theory, John Benjamins Publishing Company 19:1, 45–68.
Crystal, D. (1991). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Duanmu, San. (2000). The phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Febriani, R. B., Rohayani, R., & Syafryadin, S. (2021). An Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in Powell’s Poem “You Are My Everything”. International Journal of Innovation and Education Research, 1(1), 53-59.
Kotyk, J. (2015). References to Nepal in Classical Chinese Sources Medieval Investigations. Kathmandu, Nepal.
Newmark, P. (1988). Textbook on Translation. Prentice-Hall International.
Nida, E. A. (1964). Towards a science of translating. E. J. Brill: Leiden.
Norman, J. (1988). Chinese. New York; Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.
Mair and Mei. (1991). The Sanskrit Origins of Recent Style Chinese Prosody. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 51(2), 375-470.
Pokharel, M. P. (1989). Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pune.