Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisikokimia gelatin tulang itik yang diekstrak dengan menggunakan metode asam.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) sederhana non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan dan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu (P1) dengan konsentrasi HCl 2.5%, (P2) dengan konsentrasi HCl 5%, dan (P3) dengan konsentrasi HCl 7.5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rendemen yang dihasilkan dari setiap perlakuan berturut-turut sebesar 4.97%, 6.24%, dan 6.11%.pHgelatin tulang itik sebesar 4.76, 4.0, dan 3.56. Kadar air sebesar 9.01e%, 13.43%, dan 13.84%.Kadar abu sebesar 27.02%, 13.42%, dan 20.3%.Kadar lemak sebesar 6.5%, 6.74%, dan 5.77%. Kadar protein sebesar 51.67%, 65.43%, dan 59.05%.Kadar karbohidrat sebesar 5.80%, 0.98%, dan 1.04%.Secara umum, perbedaan konsentrasi larutan asam tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia yang dihasilkan kecuali kadar abu. P2 merupakan perlakuan denagan karakteristik fisikokimia terbaik sehingga dianalisis lebih lanjut derajat warna dan gugus fungsional. Uji derajat warna memberikan hasil yaitu L=30.35, a=-0.46, dan b=3.51. Hasil analisis gugus fungsional memberikan hasil gelatin tulang itik memiliki serapan pada wilayah amida A, B, I, II, dan III. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah ekstraksi gelatin tulang itik menggunakan konsentrasi asam 5% memiliki karakteristik yang memenuhi SNI dan mirip dengan gelatin komersial.
Kata kunci : Tulang itik, ekstraksi asam, gelatin.
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References
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- Buckle, K.A., Edward R.A., Fleet G.H. & Wotton M. 1987. Food Science. Jakarta: UI-Press.
- Coates, J. 2000. Interpretation of infrared spectra. A practical approach. Di dalam meyer R.A. Editor. Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Damayanti, A.P. 2006. Kandungan protein, lemak, daging dan kulit itik, entog, dan mandalung umur 8 minggu. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian. 13(3), 103-107.
- Duan, R., Zhang J., Du X., Yao X., Konno K. 2009. Properties of collagen from skin, scale, and bone of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Food Chem 112, 702-6
- Gelatin Manufacturer Association of Asia Pacific. 2007. Gelatin. Gelatin Food Science. 2004. Gelatin. http://www.gelatin.co.za/gltn1.[24 Februari 2018]. 22:36 PM.
- Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America.2012.Gelatin Handbook. New York (US):GEMIAnc.
- Huda, N., E.K. Seow., M.N. Normawati., N.M. Aisyah. 2013. Preliminary study on physicochemical properties of duck feet collagen. International Journal of Poultry Science 12 (10): 615-621.
- Jannah, A., Maunatin, A., Windayanti, A., Findianti, Y., dan Mufidah Z. 2013. Isolasi dan karakterisasi gelatin dari tulang ayam dengan metode asam. Jurnal Alchemy. 2 (3) 184-189
- Kong,J., S. Yu. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta bioch bioch sin 39(8):549-559
- Mariod, A.A. 2013. Insect oil protein: Biochemistry, food and other uses: Review. Journal Agricultur Sciences. 14(9B) 78-80.
- Miskah, S,. Ramadianti, I.M., dan Hanif, A.F. 2010. Pengaruh konsentrasi CH3COOH dan HCL sebagai pelarut dan waktu perendaman pada pembuatan gelatin berbahan baku tulang atau kulit kaki ayam. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 17(1) 1-6
- Muyonga, J.H., Cole C.G.B., Doudu K.G. 2004. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food chemistry 86:325-332.
- Nurilmala, M., M. Wahyuni., H. Wiratmaja. 2006. Perbaikan nilai tambah tulang ikan tuna menjadi gelatin serta analisis fisika-kimia. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Vol IX No.2 22-33.
- Prystupa, D.A., A.M. Donald. 1996. Infrared study of gelatin conformations in the gel and sol states. Polymer gels and networks 4(2),87-110
- Rahmawati, H. & Y. Pranoto. 2016. Physicochemical properties of gelatin from fresh and dry swamp ell and catfish skin. Fish Scientiae. 2(3), 18-30.
- Sari, D.K. 2017. Produksi gelatin halal dari kulit kaki ayam dengan penghilangan lemak berbeda dan aplikasinya pada es krim.[Tesis]. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
- Singh, P., S. benjakul., S.Maqsood., H. Kishimura. 2011. Isolation and characterization of collagen extracted from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus). Food chemistry 124 (2011) 97-105
- Sirikhwantinrat., M. Sila-asna. 2017. Optimization of gelatin extraction and physic-chemical properties of fish skin and bone gelatin: Its application to panna cotta formulas. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. Vol 5, No.(3) 2017: 263-273.
- Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. 1995. SNI 06-3735-1995. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. Jakarta.
- Ulfa, M., W. Trisunaryati., II. Falah., I. Kartini. 2015. Characterization of gelatins from cow bone for carbon synthesis. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. Vol 8, Ver II: 57063.
- Wang, L., Yang B., Du X., Yang Y., Liu J. 2008. Optimization of conditions for extraction of acid-soluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by response surface methodology. Innov.Food Sci Emerg Technol 9, 604-7
- Woo,J.W., S. Yu., S. Cho., Y.B. Lee., S.B. Kim. 2008. Extraction optimization and properties of collagen from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) dorsal skin. Food hydrocolloids. 22(5), 879-887
- Zulfikar., A.S. Babji., W.M. Wan Aida. 2014. Penilaian kualitas fisika dan kimia gelatin ekstrak dari kaki ayam tua. Jurnal Peternakan. 11(1), 37-42.
References
Almeida, P.F., S.C.S. Lannes., F.A. Calarge., T.M.B. Farias., J.C.C. Samtana. 2012. FTIR characterization of gelatin from chicken feet. Journal of chemical engineering. 6: 1029-1032.
Buckle, K.A., Edward R.A., Fleet G.H. & Wotton M. 1987. Food Science. Jakarta: UI-Press.
Coates, J. 2000. Interpretation of infrared spectra. A practical approach. Di dalam meyer R.A. Editor. Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Damayanti, A.P. 2006. Kandungan protein, lemak, daging dan kulit itik, entog, dan mandalung umur 8 minggu. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian. 13(3), 103-107.
Duan, R., Zhang J., Du X., Yao X., Konno K. 2009. Properties of collagen from skin, scale, and bone of carp (Cyprinus carpio). Food Chem 112, 702-6
Gelatin Manufacturer Association of Asia Pacific. 2007. Gelatin. Gelatin Food Science. 2004. Gelatin. http://www.gelatin.co.za/gltn1.[24 Februari 2018]. 22:36 PM.
Gelatin Manufacturers Institute of America.2012.Gelatin Handbook. New York (US):GEMIAnc.
Huda, N., E.K. Seow., M.N. Normawati., N.M. Aisyah. 2013. Preliminary study on physicochemical properties of duck feet collagen. International Journal of Poultry Science 12 (10): 615-621.
Jannah, A., Maunatin, A., Windayanti, A., Findianti, Y., dan Mufidah Z. 2013. Isolasi dan karakterisasi gelatin dari tulang ayam dengan metode asam. Jurnal Alchemy. 2 (3) 184-189
Kong,J., S. Yu. 2007. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis of protein secondary structures. Acta bioch bioch sin 39(8):549-559
Mariod, A.A. 2013. Insect oil protein: Biochemistry, food and other uses: Review. Journal Agricultur Sciences. 14(9B) 78-80.
Miskah, S,. Ramadianti, I.M., dan Hanif, A.F. 2010. Pengaruh konsentrasi CH3COOH dan HCL sebagai pelarut dan waktu perendaman pada pembuatan gelatin berbahan baku tulang atau kulit kaki ayam. Jurnal Teknik Kimia. 17(1) 1-6
Muyonga, J.H., Cole C.G.B., Doudu K.G. 2004. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study of acid soluble collagen and gelatin from skins and bones of young and adult nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food chemistry 86:325-332.
Nurilmala, M., M. Wahyuni., H. Wiratmaja. 2006. Perbaikan nilai tambah tulang ikan tuna menjadi gelatin serta analisis fisika-kimia. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Vol IX No.2 22-33.
Prystupa, D.A., A.M. Donald. 1996. Infrared study of gelatin conformations in the gel and sol states. Polymer gels and networks 4(2),87-110
Rahmawati, H. & Y. Pranoto. 2016. Physicochemical properties of gelatin from fresh and dry swamp ell and catfish skin. Fish Scientiae. 2(3), 18-30.
Sari, D.K. 2017. Produksi gelatin halal dari kulit kaki ayam dengan penghilangan lemak berbeda dan aplikasinya pada es krim.[Tesis]. Sekolah Pasca Sarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Singh, P., S. benjakul., S.Maqsood., H. Kishimura. 2011. Isolation and characterization of collagen extracted from the skin of striped catfish (Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus). Food chemistry 124 (2011) 97-105
Sirikhwantinrat., M. Sila-asna. 2017. Optimization of gelatin extraction and physic-chemical properties of fish skin and bone gelatin: Its application to panna cotta formulas. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science. Vol 5, No.(3) 2017: 263-273.
Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. 1995. SNI 06-3735-1995. Mutu dan Cara Uji Gelatin. Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. Jakarta.
Ulfa, M., W. Trisunaryati., II. Falah., I. Kartini. 2015. Characterization of gelatins from cow bone for carbon synthesis. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. Vol 8, Ver II: 57063.
Wang, L., Yang B., Du X., Yang Y., Liu J. 2008. Optimization of conditions for extraction of acid-soluble collagen from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by response surface methodology. Innov.Food Sci Emerg Technol 9, 604-7
Woo,J.W., S. Yu., S. Cho., Y.B. Lee., S.B. Kim. 2008. Extraction optimization and properties of collagen from yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacores) dorsal skin. Food hydrocolloids. 22(5), 879-887
Zulfikar., A.S. Babji., W.M. Wan Aida. 2014. Penilaian kualitas fisika dan kimia gelatin ekstrak dari kaki ayam tua. Jurnal Peternakan. 11(1), 37-42.