Main Article Content
Abstract
Postcolonial novels incorporating hybrid culture elements into the story present new problems for translation. The hybrid elements that appear in the source text can be maintained or removed in the translation process, depending on the strategy adopted by the translator. This research focus on the hybrid elements of an Indonesian postcolonial novel and the strategy for maintaining and eliminating hybridity in its French translation. The data source in this research is the novel Bumi Manusia (1980) by Pramoedya Ananta Toer as the source text and its translation in French. Using a qualitative approach with a comparative method, the analysis results show that most of the efforts to maintain hybridity are carried out in translating social life terms and self-names because they are related to the frequency of occurrence, the complexity of meaning, and identity. However, on the whole, the translation is less hybrid as more dehybridization occurs. Moreover, hybridity in Bumi Manusia and its French translation, Le Monde des hommes, is manifested differently. Although the translation tends to create a homologous space of one culture, it still shows linguistic and cultural hybridity.
Keywords
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References
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References
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Arrasyid, N. D., & Sajarwa, S. (2022). Expressions of Violence against Women in French Novel Syngué Sabour and the Indonesian Translation. Humanus, 21(2), 263–281.
Astari, G. P., Hasyim, M., & Kuswarini, P. (2019). Penerjemahan Metafora Novel “Lelaki Harimau” ke dalam “L’homme Tigre.” Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 7(1), 83–93.
Astuti, D. O. D., & Tou, A. B. (2016). Variasi keluasan makna interpersonal dalam teks translasional dwibahasa “perburuan” berbahasa Indonesia dan berbahasa Prancis. LingTera, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/lt.v3i1.8470
Attig, R., & Derrick, R. (2021). Dubbing Othering and Belonging: The Latinx Voice As the Self in One Day at a Time. Bulletin of Spanish Studies, 98(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/14753820.2021.1926722
Bandia, P. (2012). Postcolonial literary heteroglossia: A challenge for homogenizing translation. Perspectives, 20(4), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.2012.726233
Cachucho, C. (2021). Translating Linguistic Hybridity and Indigenous Words in Mia Couto’s Novel A varanda do frangipani. In J. Inggs & E. Wehrmeyer (Eds.), African perspectives on literary translation. Routledge.
Carrasco, C. (2019). Power Language Ambivalence in L’Últim Patriarca, by Najat El Hachmi. In K. Bennett & R. Q. de Barros (Eds.), Hybrid Englishes and the challenges of/for translation: Identity, mobility and language change. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
Farahzad, F. (2004). Hybrid Texts. Translation Studies, 6, 75–81.
Fasa, M. D., & Sajarwa, S. (2021). THE TRANSLATION OF FIXED EXPRESSION FROM FRENCH TO INDONESIAN IN’MADAME BOVARY’NOVEL. LEKSEMA: Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 6(1), 61–76.
Floranti, A. D., & Mubarok, Y. (2020). Indonesia–English Translation of Idiomatic Expressions in The Novel This Earth of Mankind. Buletin Al-Turas, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v26i2.13834
GoGwilt, C. (2007). The vanishing genre of the nyai narrative: Reading genealogies of English and Indonesian modernism. Comparative Literature Studies, 44(4). https://doi.org/10.1353/cls.2007.0085
Hapsari, N. T. (2013). Durative and Punctuality Aspects in French and Their Translation Into Indonesian. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra, 13(2), 169–179.
Haq, J. A., & Hardjanto, T. D. (2019). Strategi Penerjemahan Kata Budaya dalam Novel ‘Bumi Manusia atau This Earth of Mankind’(Indonesia-Inggris).
Harahap, D. S., Sitompul, J., & Pd, I. M. (2017). ANALYSE DE LATRADUCTION DE L’IDIOME INDONÉSIEN EN FRANÇAIS DU ROMAN BUMI MANUSIA DE PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER. HEXAGONE Jurnal Pendidikan, Linguistik, Budaya Dan Sastra Perancis, 6(2), 380–391.
Hardiningtyas, P. R. (2014). ORIENTAL: BUDAYA INDIS DALAM TETRALOGI PULAU BURU KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER (Oriental: Indis Culture in the Study of Buru Tetralogy by Pramoedya Ananta Toer). SAWERIGADING, 20(2), 183–193.
Hardiningtyas, P. R. (2018). Mimikri, Mockery, dan Resistansi Gaya Hidup Pribumi terhadap Budaya Kolonial Belanda dalam Tetralogi Pulau Buru. METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra, 11(1), 91. https://doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2018.v11i1.91-112
Harris, R. (2008). Development and Hybridity Made Concrete in the Colonies. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 40(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1068/a38382
Hastuti, N. (2018). NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA. HUMANIKA, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.14710/humanika.v25i1.18128
Hu, Z., & Roberto, M. T. (2019). Translation of hybridism: Analysis of the Portuguese version of the Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. Ilha Do Desterro, 72(2). https://doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2019v72n2p245
Huťková, A. (2019). The issue of expression hybridity in the translation process. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Philologica, 1, 21–35.
Istiqomah, G. (2019). The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Footsteps. Passage, 7(2).
Iyer, S. (2019). Translation as style and technique in the hybrid englishes of Raja Rao’s Kanthapura and Eileen Chang’s Lust, caution. SARE, 56(1). https://doi.org/10.22452/sare.vol56no1.5
Jatmiko, D. (2020). CITRA NYAI DALAM TIGA NOVEL INDONESIA. PARAFRASE : Jurnal Kajian Kebahasaan & Kesastraan, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.30996/.v20i2.5189
Kuswarini, P., Masdiana, M., & Hantik, Z. (2018). Penerjemahan Metafora dalam Saman ke dalam Bahasa Prancis. Jurnal Ilmu Budaya, 6(1).
Lindfors, A.-M. (2015). West African Novels in Finnish Translation: Strategies for Africanised English [Doctoral Thesis]. University of Helsinki.
Maier, H. M. (2005). A Hidden Language-Dutch in Indonesia. UC Berkeley: Institute of European Studies. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cg0m6cq
Martín Ruano, M. R. (2021). Bringing the other back home: The translation of (un)familiar hybridity. Linguistica Antverpiensia, New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, 2. https://doi.org/10.52034/lanstts.v2i.85
Maulana, A. F. (2019). HIBRIDITAS BUDAYA PADA TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER (KAJIAN POSKOLONIAL) [Undergraduate Thesis]. Universitas Diponegoro.
Mulya, L.-. (2018). KEBIJAKAN MARITIM DI HINDIA BELANDA: Langkah komersil pemerintah kolonial. MOZAIK: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/moz.v7i1.5543
Murwani, C. D. T. (2013). REPRESENTASI PERLAWANAN PRIBUMI MASA PERALIHAN ABAD KE-19 SAMPAI KE-20 DI HINDIA BELANDA DALAM NOVEL DE STILLE KRACHT (KARYA LOUIS COUPERUS) DAN BUMI MANUSIA (KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER) [Doctoral Thesis]. Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Nasution, D., Fadhlain, S., & Juliani, R. (2020). Pembingkaian budaya Jawa dan Belanda di dalam novel Bumi Manusia. SOURCE: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 5(2).
Nouss, A. (2004). THE BUTTERFLY AND THE TRANSLATOR: REFLECTIONS ON HYBRID TEXTUALITY. Across Languages and Cultures, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1556/acr.2.2001.2.6
Nursadi, H. (2015). Sistem Hukum Indonesia. Universitas Terbuka.
Oloruntoba, I. (2021). Translating Nigeria. In A. Almanna & C. Gu (Eds.), Translation as a Set of Frames (1st ed., pp. 65–79). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003024828-5
Pym, A. (2001). Introduction: The Return to Ethics in Translation Studies. The Translator, 7(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2001.10799096
Rahman, F. (2016). Rijsttafel: Budaya kuliner di Indonesia masa kolonial 1870-1942. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Ridwan, M. F., & Sofianto, K. (2019). RASISME DALAM NOVEL BUMI MANUSIA KARYA PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 3(2), 1–11.
Rustamaji, I. (2020). Pengaruh Perkembangan Bangunan Indis Terhadap Sosial Dan Budaya Masyarakat Kabupaten Boyolali Tahun 1910-1915. Deepublish. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=WBrWDwAAQBAJ
Said, E. W. (2012). Culture and imperialism. Vintage.
Sajarwa. (2016). THE SHIFT POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN THE INDONESIAN TRANSLATION OF FRENCH TEXTS. Prosiding Prasasti, 671–675.
Sajarwa, S. (2019). The Translation of Durative Aspect of French into Indonesian. Fifth Prasasti International Seminar on Linguistics (PRASASTI 2019), 393–397.
Schäffner, C., & Adab, B. (2004). THE IDEA OF THE HYBRID TEXT IN TRANSLATION: CONTACT AS CONFLICT. Across Languages and Cultures, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1556/acr.2.2001.2.1
Simon, S. (2011). Hybridity and translation. In Y. Gambier & L. van Doorslaer (Eds.), Handbook of Translation Studies (Vol. 2, pp. 49–53). John Benjamins Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1075/hts.2.hyb1
Snell-Hornby, M. (2004). THE SPACE ‘IN BETWEEN’: WHAT IS A HYBRID TEXT? Across Languages and Cultures, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1556/acr.2.2001.2.4
Soekiman, D. (2011). Kebudayaan Indis dan Gaya Hidup Masyarakat Pendukungnya di Jawa (Abad XVIII Sampai Medio Abad XX). In S. Margana & H. Priyatmoko (Eds.), Kolonialisme, Kebudayaan, dan Warisan Sejarah. Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya UGM.
Stawecka-Kotuła, A. (2021). Disruptive strangeness or domesticated exoticism? Some challenges of cultural translation in the Polish rendition of Fury by Salman Rushdie. Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies, 03 (34), 46–58.
Stroomberg, J. (2018). Hindia Belanda 1930. IRCiSoD.
Sumakto, Y. (2013). Kebijakan Pertanahan Pemerintah Kolonial Hindia-Belanda Di Bali. ADIL: Jurnal Hukum, 4(1), 1–23.
Talukder, B. (2019). Matijaner Meyera in Translation: Cultural Identity Construction Through Untranslatability of Language. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 10(6), 36–40.
TawfiqHamamra, B., & Qararia, S. (2018). The Function of Code-Switching in Selma Dabbagh’s Out of It. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.2p.126
Toer, P. A. (2002). Bumi Manusia: Tetralogi Buru #1. Hasta Mitra.
Tumbole, G. F. F., & Cholsy, H. (2022). Strategi Penerjemahan Kata Sapaan dengan Konteks Sosial dan Budaya dalam Novel Bumi Manusia Terjemahan Bahasa Inggris. Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya, 5(3), 589–602.
Wardani, N. E., & Widyahening, C. E. T. (2020). Hybridity, mimicry and ambivalence of female characters in Indonesia: A study from postcolonial novels. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(1), 419–431.
Winarni, R., Widuatie, R. E., Aprianto, T. C., & Sasmita, N. (2021). Perkembangan Perkebunan Partikelir di Jember (1850-an – 1930-an). Historia, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.19184/jhist.v4i1.28427
Windyastika, L., & Priyatmoko, H. (2020). Lidah Pribumi Bergoyang: Rijsttafel dan Gaya Hidup Elite Jawa di Vorstenlanden 1900-1942. Bandar Maulana: Jurnal Sejarah Kebudayaan, 25(1).
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