Main Article Content
Abstract
This study seeks to investigate the strategies used by college teachers and administrators in enhancing the digital literacy skills of EFL students. A qualitative study is the research design in this paper. The researchers chose a purposive sampling technique for administering the research sample. There were six EFL lecturers and six higher education admins at STKIP PGRI Bandar Lampung as the research sample. This present research employed semi-structured interviews for collecting the data. This current study analyzed the data qualitatively and described it thematically. The findings illustrated that the lecturer used four strategies for promoting learners' digital literacy; motivate learners, conduct training workshops, employ digital technology in the classroom, and improve the digital classroom environment. Moreover, higher education admins used four strategies; raise guardians' awareness towards the role of digital technology, conduct training for lecturers and learners, redesign the EFL classroom and enhance classroom infrastructure. This finding implies that policymakers can use this research to plan and make a new system for EFL education.
Keywords
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Copyright (c) 2023 Febriyantina Istiara, Tommy Hastomo
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References
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- Alavi, S. M., Borzabadi, D., & Dashtestani, R. (2016). Computer Literacy in Learning Academic English: Iranian EAP Students’ and Instructors’ Attitudes and Perspectives. Teaching English with Technology, 16(4), 56–77. http://www.tewtjournal.org
- Albashtawi, A. H., & al Bataineh, K. B. (2020). The effectiveness of google classroom among EFL students in Jordan: An innovative teaching and learning online platform. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(11), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V15I11.12865
- Alexander, B., Alexander, B., Becker, S. A., Cummins, M., & Giesinger, C. H. (2017). Digital Literacy in Higher Education, Part II: An NMC Horizon Project Strategic Brief. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/182086/
- Alhujaylan, H. (2019). An Assessment of the Effectiveness of CALL in Teaching English Language Writing Skills in Saudi Arabia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3431731
- Amin, M., Sibuea, A. M., & Mustaqim, B. (2022). The Effectiveness of Online Learning Using E-Learning During Pandemic Covid-19. Journal of Education Technology, 6(2), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.23887/JET.V6I2.44125
- Bacalja, A. (2020). Digital writing in the new literacies age: Insights from an online writing community | Literacy Learning : the Middle Years. Literacy Learning: The Middle Years, 28(2), 33–43.
- Blau, I., Shamir-Inbal, T., & Avdiel, O. (2020). How does the pedagogical design of a technology-enhanced collaborative academic course promote digital literacies, self-regulation, and perceived learning of students? The Internet and Higher Education, 45, 100722. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2019.100722
- Braun, V., Clarker, V., & Rance, N. (2014). How to use thematic analysis with interview data. In A. Vossler & N. Moller (Eds.), The Counselling & Psychotherapy Research Handbook, (pp. 183–197). Sage.
- Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/EJED.12345
- Castro, R. (2019). Blended learning in higher education: Trends and capabilities. Education and Information Technologies, 24(4), 2523–2546. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-019-09886-3/METRICS
- Chan, B. S. K., Churchill, D., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2017). Digital Literacy Learning In Higher Education Through Digital Storytelling Approach. Journal of International Education Research (JIER), 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.19030/JIER.V13I1.9907
- Claro, M., Salinas, A., Cabello-Hutt, T., San Martín, E., Preiss, D. D., Valenzuela, S., & Jara, I. (2018). Teaching in a Digital Environment (TIDE): Defining and measuring teachers’ capacity to develop students’ digital information and communication skills. Computers & Education, 121, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2018.03.001
- Creswell, J.W., Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing & conducting mixed methods research + the mixed methods reader. Designing & Conducting Mixed Methods Research + the Mixed Methods Reader, 1(2), 24–27.
- Dashtestani, R., & Hojatpanah, S. (2020). Digital literacy of EFL students in a junior high school in Iran: voices of teachers, students and Ministry Directors. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1744664, 35(4), 635–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1744664
- Drotner, K., & Kobbernagel, C. (2014). Toppling hierarchies? Media and information literacies, ethnicity, and performative media practices. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17439884.2014.964255, 39(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2014.964255
- Durriyah, T. L., & Zuhdi, M. (2018). Digital Literacy with EFL Student Teachers: Exploring Indonesian Student Teachers’ Initial Perception about Integrating Digital Technologies into a Teaching Unit. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.3p.53
- Espino-Díaz, L., Fernandez-Caminero, G., Hernandez-Lloret, C. M., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, H., & Alvarez-Castillo, J. L. (2020). Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Education Professionals. Toward a Paradigm Shift: ICT and Neuroeducation as a Binomial of Action. Sustainability 2020, Vol. 12, Page 5646, 12(14), 5646. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12145646
- Fraillon, J. Ed., Ainley, J. Ed., Schulz, W. Ed., Friedman, T. Ed., & Duckworth, D. Ed. (2020). IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018. Technical Report. International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.
- Gharawi, M. A., & Khoja, M. M. (2015). Assessing Basic Computer Applications’ Skills of College-Level Students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, 9(4), 1240–1245. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1100396
- Henderson, M., Selwyn, N., & Aston, R. (2015). What works and why? Student perceptions of ‘useful’ digital technology in university teaching and learning. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1007946, 42(8), 1567–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1007946
- Hobbs, R. (2017). Teaching media literacy- yo! Are you hip to this? Children and the Media, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315081380-15/TEACHING-MEDIA-LITERACY
- Jalil, A., Tohara, T., Shuhidan, S. M., Diana, F., Bahry, S., & Norazmi Bin Nordin, M. (2021). Exploring Digital Literacy Strategies for Students with Special Educational Needs in the Digital Age. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(9), 3345–3358. https://doi.org/10.17762/TURCOMAT.V12I9.5741
- Kim, K. T. (2019). The Structural Relationship among Digital Literacy, Learning Strategies, and Core Competencies among South Korean College Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.001
- Krumsvik, R. J. (2014). Teacher educators’ digital competence. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00313831.2012.726273, 58(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2012.726273
- Leu, D. J., Kinzer, C. K., Coiro, J., Castek, J., & Henry, L. A. (2017). New Literacies: A Dual-Level Theory of the Changing Nature of Literacy, Instruction, and Assessment. Journal of Education, 197(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741719700202/ASSET/002205741719700202.FP.PNG_V03
- Lindfors, M., Pettersson, F., & Olofsson, A. D. (2021). Conditions for professional digital competence: the teacher educators’ view. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1890936, 12(4), 390–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1890936
- Mabayoje, M. A., Isah, A., Bajeh, A. O., & A., O. R. (2016). An Assessment of ICT Literacy Among Secondary School Students in a Rural Area of Kwara State, Nigeria: A Community Advocacy Approach. Covenant Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology, 3(1). https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjict/article/view/248
- Miller, R. A. (2017). “My Voice Is Definitely Strongest in Online Communities”: Students Using Social Media for Queer and Disability Identity-Making. Journal of College Student Development, 58(4), 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1353/CSD.2017.0040
- Nedungadi, P. P., Menon, R., Gutjahr, G., Erickson, L., & Raman, R. (2018). Towards an inclusive digital literacy framework for digital India. Education and Training, 60(6), 516–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2018-0061/FULL/XML
- Ozdamar-Keskin, N., Ozata, F. Z., Banar, K., & Royle, K. (2015). Examining Digital Literacy Competences and Learning Habits of Open and Distance Learners. Contemporary Educational Technology, 6(1), 74–90.
- Rinekso, A. B., Rodliyah, R. S., & Pertiwi, I. (2021). Digital literacy practices in tertiary education: A case of EFL postgraduate students. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 622–641. https://doi.org/10.24815/SIELE.V8I2.18863
- Rusydiyah, E. F., Purwati, E., & Prabowo, A. (2020). HOW TO USE DIGITAL LITERACY AS A LEARNING RESOURCE FOR TEACHER CANDIDATES IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.30551
- Santoro, G., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Dezi, L. (2018). The Internet of Things: Building a knowledge management system for open innovation and knowledge management capacity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2017.02.034
- Silamut, A. acha, & Petsangsri, S. (2020). Self-directed learning with knowledge management model to enhance digital literacy abilities. Education and Information Technologies, 25(6), 4797–4815. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-020-10187-3/METRICS
- Tsai, H. Y. S., Shillair, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2015). Social Support and “Playing Around.” Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0733464815609440, 36(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815609440
- Wahab, A., & Ali, W. (2020). Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16
- Whitelaw, S., Mamas, M. A., Topol, E., & van Spall, H. G. C. (2020). Applications of digital technology in COVID-19 pandemic planning and response. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), e435–e440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30142-4
References
Al-Abdullatif, A., Al-Abdullatif, A., & Gameil, A. (2020). Exploring Students’ Knowledge and Practice of Digital Citizenship in Higher... International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (IJET), 15(19), 122–142.
Alakrash, H. M., Razak, N. A., Khalaf, I., Ogudo, K. A., & Mezhuyev, V. (2021). Technology-Based Language Learning: Investigation of Digital Technology and Digital Literacy. Sustainability 2021, Vol. 13, Page 12304, 13(21), 12304. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU132112304
Alavi, S. M., Borzabadi, D., & Dashtestani, R. (2016). Computer Literacy in Learning Academic English: Iranian EAP Students’ and Instructors’ Attitudes and Perspectives. Teaching English with Technology, 16(4), 56–77. http://www.tewtjournal.org
Albashtawi, A. H., & al Bataineh, K. B. (2020). The effectiveness of google classroom among EFL students in Jordan: An innovative teaching and learning online platform. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 15(11), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJET.V15I11.12865
Alexander, B., Alexander, B., Becker, S. A., Cummins, M., & Giesinger, C. H. (2017). Digital Literacy in Higher Education, Part II: An NMC Horizon Project Strategic Brief. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/182086/
Alhujaylan, H. (2019). An Assessment of the Effectiveness of CALL in Teaching English Language Writing Skills in Saudi Arabia. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3431731
Amin, M., Sibuea, A. M., & Mustaqim, B. (2022). The Effectiveness of Online Learning Using E-Learning During Pandemic Covid-19. Journal of Education Technology, 6(2), 247–257. https://doi.org/10.23887/JET.V6I2.44125
Bacalja, A. (2020). Digital writing in the new literacies age: Insights from an online writing community | Literacy Learning : the Middle Years. Literacy Learning: The Middle Years, 28(2), 33–43.
Blau, I., Shamir-Inbal, T., & Avdiel, O. (2020). How does the pedagogical design of a technology-enhanced collaborative academic course promote digital literacies, self-regulation, and perceived learning of students? The Internet and Higher Education, 45, 100722. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IHEDUC.2019.100722
Braun, V., Clarker, V., & Rance, N. (2014). How to use thematic analysis with interview data. In A. Vossler & N. Moller (Eds.), The Counselling & Psychotherapy Research Handbook, (pp. 183–197). Sage.
Caena, F., & Redecker, C. (2019). Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European Digital Competence Framework for Educators (Digcompedu). European Journal of Education, 54(3), 356–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/EJED.12345
Castro, R. (2019). Blended learning in higher education: Trends and capabilities. Education and Information Technologies, 24(4), 2523–2546. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-019-09886-3/METRICS
Chan, B. S. K., Churchill, D., & Chiu, T. K. F. (2017). Digital Literacy Learning In Higher Education Through Digital Storytelling Approach. Journal of International Education Research (JIER), 13(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.19030/JIER.V13I1.9907
Claro, M., Salinas, A., Cabello-Hutt, T., San Martín, E., Preiss, D. D., Valenzuela, S., & Jara, I. (2018). Teaching in a Digital Environment (TIDE): Defining and measuring teachers’ capacity to develop students’ digital information and communication skills. Computers & Education, 121, 162–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.COMPEDU.2018.03.001
Creswell, J.W., Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing & conducting mixed methods research + the mixed methods reader. Designing & Conducting Mixed Methods Research + the Mixed Methods Reader, 1(2), 24–27.
Dashtestani, R., & Hojatpanah, S. (2020). Digital literacy of EFL students in a junior high school in Iran: voices of teachers, students and Ministry Directors. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1744664, 35(4), 635–665. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2020.1744664
Drotner, K., & Kobbernagel, C. (2014). Toppling hierarchies? Media and information literacies, ethnicity, and performative media practices. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/17439884.2014.964255, 39(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2014.964255
Durriyah, T. L., & Zuhdi, M. (2018). Digital Literacy with EFL Student Teachers: Exploring Indonesian Student Teachers’ Initial Perception about Integrating Digital Technologies into a Teaching Unit. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 6(3), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.3p.53
Espino-Díaz, L., Fernandez-Caminero, G., Hernandez-Lloret, C. M., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, H., & Alvarez-Castillo, J. L. (2020). Analyzing the Impact of COVID-19 on Education Professionals. Toward a Paradigm Shift: ICT and Neuroeducation as a Binomial of Action. Sustainability 2020, Vol. 12, Page 5646, 12(14), 5646. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12145646
Fraillon, J. Ed., Ainley, J. Ed., Schulz, W. Ed., Friedman, T. Ed., & Duckworth, D. Ed. (2020). IEA International Computer and Information Literacy Study 2018. Technical Report. International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement.
Gharawi, M. A., & Khoja, M. M. (2015). Assessing Basic Computer Applications’ Skills of College-Level Students in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Computer and Information Engineering, 9(4), 1240–1245. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.1100396
Henderson, M., Selwyn, N., & Aston, R. (2015). What works and why? Student perceptions of ‘useful’ digital technology in university teaching and learning. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1007946, 42(8), 1567–1579. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1007946
Hobbs, R. (2017). Teaching media literacy- yo! Are you hip to this? Children and the Media, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315081380-15/TEACHING-MEDIA-LITERACY
Jalil, A., Tohara, T., Shuhidan, S. M., Diana, F., Bahry, S., & Norazmi Bin Nordin, M. (2021). Exploring Digital Literacy Strategies for Students with Special Educational Needs in the Digital Age. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(9), 3345–3358. https://doi.org/10.17762/TURCOMAT.V12I9.5741
Kim, K. T. (2019). The Structural Relationship among Digital Literacy, Learning Strategies, and Core Competencies among South Korean College Students. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 19(2), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2019.2.001
Krumsvik, R. J. (2014). Teacher educators’ digital competence. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/00313831.2012.726273, 58(3), 269–280. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2012.726273
Leu, D. J., Kinzer, C. K., Coiro, J., Castek, J., & Henry, L. A. (2017). New Literacies: A Dual-Level Theory of the Changing Nature of Literacy, Instruction, and Assessment. Journal of Education, 197(2), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741719700202/ASSET/002205741719700202.FP.PNG_V03
Lindfors, M., Pettersson, F., & Olofsson, A. D. (2021). Conditions for professional digital competence: the teacher educators’ view. Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1890936, 12(4), 390–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2021.1890936
Mabayoje, M. A., Isah, A., Bajeh, A. O., & A., O. R. (2016). An Assessment of ICT Literacy Among Secondary School Students in a Rural Area of Kwara State, Nigeria: A Community Advocacy Approach. Covenant Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology, 3(1). https://journals.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/index.php/cjict/article/view/248
Miller, R. A. (2017). “My Voice Is Definitely Strongest in Online Communities”: Students Using Social Media for Queer and Disability Identity-Making. Journal of College Student Development, 58(4), 509–525. https://doi.org/10.1353/CSD.2017.0040
Nedungadi, P. P., Menon, R., Gutjahr, G., Erickson, L., & Raman, R. (2018). Towards an inclusive digital literacy framework for digital India. Education and Training, 60(6), 516–528. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2018-0061/FULL/XML
Ozdamar-Keskin, N., Ozata, F. Z., Banar, K., & Royle, K. (2015). Examining Digital Literacy Competences and Learning Habits of Open and Distance Learners. Contemporary Educational Technology, 6(1), 74–90.
Rinekso, A. B., Rodliyah, R. S., & Pertiwi, I. (2021). Digital literacy practices in tertiary education: A case of EFL postgraduate students. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(2), 622–641. https://doi.org/10.24815/SIELE.V8I2.18863
Rusydiyah, E. F., Purwati, E., & Prabowo, A. (2020). HOW TO USE DIGITAL LITERACY AS A LEARNING RESOURCE FOR TEACHER CANDIDATES IN INDONESIA. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 305–318. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.30551
Santoro, G., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Dezi, L. (2018). The Internet of Things: Building a knowledge management system for open innovation and knowledge management capacity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHFORE.2017.02.034
Silamut, A. acha, & Petsangsri, S. (2020). Self-directed learning with knowledge management model to enhance digital literacy abilities. Education and Information Technologies, 25(6), 4797–4815. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10639-020-10187-3/METRICS
Tsai, H. Y. S., Shillair, R., & Cotten, S. R. (2015). Social Support and “Playing Around.” Https://Doi.Org/10.1177/0733464815609440, 36(1), 29–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815609440
Wahab, A., & Ali, W. (2020). Online and Remote Learning in Higher Education Institutes: A Necessity in Light of COVID-19 Pandemic. Higher Education Studies, 10(3), 16–25. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v10n3p16
Whitelaw, S., Mamas, M. A., Topol, E., & van Spall, H. G. C. (2020). Applications of digital technology in COVID-19 pandemic planning and response. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(8), e435–e440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30142-4