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Abstract
The post-pandemic phase has provided choices in the teaching and learning process, whether offline, online, or hybrid. Autonomous learning has become one of the preferred learning models dealing with online learning. This model of learning is believed to enhance students’ proficiency in EFL learning and enable learners to direct their learning. This qualitative study aims to investigate the benefits and challenges of implementing an autonomous learning model post-COVID-19 outbreak to EFL learners. There were three teacher-participants from Sukma Bangsa and Modal Bangsa high schools in Aceh. The teachers participated in a semi-structured interview, and the data from the interview were transcribed and coded through thematic analysis using the Coding system. The data analysis results indicate three benefits of autonomous learning through online platforms: meeting human needs, creating motivated and reflected learners, and developing communicative competence in second/foreign language learners. Furthermore, the challenges of autonomous learning are related to teachers’ roles, students’ beliefs, and social perspectives on autonomous learning. Based on the result, Autonomous Learning Model could be a choice as a learning model for online learning.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Siti Maulia Rizki, Siti Sarah Fitriani, Sofyan A. Gani, Iskandar Abdul Samad
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References
- Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Essex: Pearson Education.
- Benson, P. (2006). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- Bob, M. & Ross, L. (2010). Research Methods for Social Science. England: Pearson Education Limited
- Çakici, D. (2015). Autonomy in language teaching and learning process. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 31-42.
- Deci, E. L., & Flaste, R. (1995). Why we do what we do: The dynamics of personal autonomy. GP Putnam's Sons.
- Fidyati, F. (2017). Learning autonomy and its significance for Indonesian EFL Learners. Getsempena English Education Journal, 4(1).
- Ghazali, F. A. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of fostering learner autonomy and self-access learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3).
- Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in foreign language learning (first published 1979, Strasbourg: Council of Europe). Oxford: Pergamon. Cited in Benson, P. (2006). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- Kemala, Z. (2016). An analysis of factors influencing the autonomous learner in learning English. ELTIN JOURNAL, Journal of English Language Teaching in Indonesia, 4(1).
- Kong, Q. (2020). Practical exploration of home study guidance for students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Hangzhou Liuxia elementary school in Zhejiang province, China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 5(2), 557–561.
- Lamb, M. (2004). It depends on the students themselves. Independent Language Learning at an Indonesian State School: School of Education, 17(3), 229-245.
- Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy I: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentic.
- Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29.
- Masgoret, A. M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning, 53(1), 123-163.
- Naqvi, W. M., & Sahu, A. (2020). Paradigmatic Shift in the Education System in a Time of COVID-19. Journal of Evolution of Meddical and Dental Sciences, 9 (27), 1974-1977.
- Scharle, Á., & Szabó, A. (2000). Learner autonomy: A guide to developing learner responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Spratt, M., Humphreys, G., & Chan, V. (2002). Autonomy and motivation: Which comes first?. Language Teaching Research, 6(3), 245-266.
- Suherdi, D. (2012b). Towards the 21st century English teacher education: An Indonesian perspective. Bandung: CELTICS Press.
- Tamer, O. (2013). A dissertation on students’ readiness for autonomous learning of English as a Foreign Language. University of Sunderland: England.
- Trilling, B., &Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
- Turloiu, A., & Stefansdottir, I. S. (2011). Learner autonomy: Theoretical and practical information for language teachers. Reykjavik: University of Iceland.
- Wiraningsih, P., & Santosa, M. H. (2020). EFL teachers’ challenges in promoting learner autonomy in the 21st-century learning. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(2), 290-314.
- Zhifeng, Y. (2017). The characteristics and methods of autonomous Learning of Higher Mathematics. Advances in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities research, 96, 1259-1263
References
Benson, P. (2001). Teaching and researching autonomy in language learning. Essex: Pearson Education.
Benson, P. (2006). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Bob, M. & Ross, L. (2010). Research Methods for Social Science. England: Pearson Education Limited
Çakici, D. (2015). Autonomy in language teaching and learning process. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 31-42.
Deci, E. L., & Flaste, R. (1995). Why we do what we do: The dynamics of personal autonomy. GP Putnam's Sons.
Fidyati, F. (2017). Learning autonomy and its significance for Indonesian EFL Learners. Getsempena English Education Journal, 4(1).
Ghazali, F. A. (2020). Challenges and opportunities of fostering learner autonomy and self-access learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 11(3).
Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy in foreign language learning (first published 1979, Strasbourg: Council of Europe). Oxford: Pergamon. Cited in Benson, P. (2006). Autonomy in language teaching and learning. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
Kemala, Z. (2016). An analysis of factors influencing the autonomous learner in learning English. ELTIN JOURNAL, Journal of English Language Teaching in Indonesia, 4(1).
Kong, Q. (2020). Practical exploration of home study guidance for students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of Hangzhou Liuxia elementary school in Zhejiang province, China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 5(2), 557–561.
Lamb, M. (2004). It depends on the students themselves. Independent Language Learning at an Indonesian State School: School of Education, 17(3), 229-245.
Little, D. (1991). Learner autonomy I: Definitions, issues and problems. Dublin: Authentic.
Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. International Journal of Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29.
Masgoret, A. M., & Gardner, R. C. (2003). Attitudes, motivation, and second language learning: A meta-analysis of studies conducted by Gardner and Associates. Language Learning, 53(1), 123-163.
Naqvi, W. M., & Sahu, A. (2020). Paradigmatic Shift in the Education System in a Time of COVID-19. Journal of Evolution of Meddical and Dental Sciences, 9 (27), 1974-1977.
Scharle, Á., & Szabó, A. (2000). Learner autonomy: A guide to developing learner responsibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Spratt, M., Humphreys, G., & Chan, V. (2002). Autonomy and motivation: Which comes first?. Language Teaching Research, 6(3), 245-266.
Suherdi, D. (2012b). Towards the 21st century English teacher education: An Indonesian perspective. Bandung: CELTICS Press.
Tamer, O. (2013). A dissertation on students’ readiness for autonomous learning of English as a Foreign Language. University of Sunderland: England.
Trilling, B., &Fadel, C. (2009). 21st Century skills: Learning for life in our times. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.
Turloiu, A., & Stefansdottir, I. S. (2011). Learner autonomy: Theoretical and practical information for language teachers. Reykjavik: University of Iceland.
Wiraningsih, P., & Santosa, M. H. (2020). EFL teachers’ challenges in promoting learner autonomy in the 21st-century learning. Journal on English as a Foreign Language, 10(2), 290-314.
Zhifeng, Y. (2017). The characteristics and methods of autonomous Learning of Higher Mathematics. Advances in Social Sciences, Education and Humanities research, 96, 1259-1263