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Abstract
In the present study, eight foreign language teachers participated in the focus groups, and eight language learners took part in one-on-one interviews. Through thematic analysis, the findings of this study unveiled a notable trend, which are that learners exhibited a strong preference for online classes, while teachers expressed an equitable preference for both online and face-to-face instruction. This divergence in preferences signifies a dynamic shift in the landscape of language education. The study therefore concludes that the "new normal" of language learning and teaching has indeed materialized during the pandemic, as evidenced by the transformative shift towards online modes of instruction.
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References
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- Bozavlı, E. (2021). Is foreign language teaching possible without school? Distance learning experiences of foreign language students at Ataturk University during the Covid-19 pandemic. Arab World English Journal, 12 (1) 3-18.
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- Giovannella, C., Passarelli, M. & Persico, D. (2020). Measuring the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian learning ecosystems at the steady state: A school teachers’ perspective. Interaction Design and Architecture, (S), 45, 264–286.
- Klimova, B.(2021). An insight into online foreign language learning and teaching in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Procedia Computer Science, 192 (2021), 1787-1794.
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- Maican, M. A. & Cocoradă, E. (2021). Online foreign language learning in higher education and its correlates during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(781), 1-21.
- Moorhouse, B. L., Wong, K. M., & Li, L. (2023). Teaching with technology in the post-pandemic digital age: Technological normalisation and AI- induced disruptions. RELC Journal, 54(2), 311-320.
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- Rebenko, M., Nikolenko, O. & Doronina, N. (2021). Online learning strategies in Taras Shevchenko national university of KYIV as a post- pandemic outcome. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, 2(30), 1-11.
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- Tafazoli, D., & Meihami, H. (2022). Narrative inquiry for CALL teacher preparation programs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Language teachers’ technological needs and suggestions. J. Computer Education, 10(1), 163-187.
- Tarrayo, V. N., Paz, R. M. O., & Gepila Jr., E. C. (2023). The shift to flexible learning admist the pandemic: The case of English language teachers in a Philippine state university. Innovation in Langauge Learning and Teaching, 17 (1), 130-143.
- Ubaedilah. & Pratiwi, D. I. (2021). Utilization of information technology during the Covid-19 pandemic: Student’s perception of online lectures. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 447-455.
- Wang, Y. (2022). Probing into the boredome of online instruction among Chinese English language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology.
- Yuan, R. (2023). Chinese university EFL learners’ foreign language classroom anxiety and enjoyment in an online learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1- 17.
- Zapata-Cuervo, N., Montes-Guerra, M. I., Shin, H. H., Miyoung, J., & Cho, M. (2023) Students’ psychological perceptions toward online learning engagement and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of students in three different countries. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), 108-122.
- Zhao, X., & Xue, W. (2023). From online to offline education in the post- pandemic era: Challenges encountered by international students at British universities. Frontiers in Psychology, 1-10.
References
Auerbach, C. F. & Silverstein, L. B. (2003). An Introduction to coding and analysis: Qualitative data. New York University Press: New York.
Bozavlı, E. (2021). Is foreign language teaching possible without school? Distance learning experiences of foreign language students at Ataturk University during the Covid-19 pandemic. Arab World English Journal, 12 (1) 3-18.
Chen, C. (2021). Using scaffolding materials to facilitate autonomous online Chinese as a foreign language learning: A study during the Covid-19 pandemic. SAGE Open, July-September (2021), 1-12.
Diacto, S. M. (2014). Effects of noise pollution in the learning environment on cognitive performances. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 10 (1), 83-106.
Dörnyei, Z. (2014). Motivation, vision and life narratives. Plenary talk presented at Matters of the Mind: Psychology and Language Learning Conference, University of Graz, Austria.
Giovannella, C., Passarelli, M. & Persico, D. (2020). Measuring the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on the Italian learning ecosystems at the steady state: A school teachers’ perspective. Interaction Design and Architecture, (S), 45, 264–286.
Klimova, B.(2021). An insight into online foreign language learning and teaching in the era of Covid-19 pandemic. Procedia Computer Science, 192 (2021), 1787-1794.
Mahyoob, M. (2020). Challenges of e-learning during the Covid-19 pandemic experienced by EFL learners. Arab World English Journal, 11(2020), 351-362.
Maican, M. A. & Cocoradă, E. (2021). Online foreign language learning in higher education and its correlates during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sustainability, 13(781), 1-21.
Moorhouse, B. L., Wong, K. M., & Li, L. (2023). Teaching with technology in the post-pandemic digital age: Technological normalisation and AI- induced disruptions. RELC Journal, 54(2), 311-320.
Rahayu, R. P. & Wizra, Y. (2020). Teachers’ perception of online learning during pandemic Covid-19. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 20(3), 392-406.
Rebenko, M., Nikolenko, O. & Doronina, N. (2021). Online learning strategies in Taras Shevchenko national university of KYIV as a post- pandemic outcome. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, 2(30), 1-11.
Rensik, P., Knechtelsdorfer, E., & Dewaele J-M. (2022). Differences in the intensity and the nature of foreign language anxiety in in-person and online EFL classes during the pandemic: A mixed-methods study. TESOL Quarterly, 57(2), 618-624.
Ritonga, M., Kustati, M., Budiarti, M., Lahmi, A., Asmara, M., Kurniawan, R.,Putri, N., & Yenti, E. (2021). Arabic as foreign language learning in pandemic COVID-19 as perceived by students and teachers. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(1), 75-92.
Sari, R.R., Syarofah, A., Mubarok, H. (2021). Creative teaching model for second language learning in the post-pandemic era. Izdihar : Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 4(3), 353-
Shao, K., Kutuk, G., Fryer, L. K., Nicholson, L. J., & Guo, J. (2023). Factors influencing Chinese undergraduate students' emotions in an online EFL learning context during the COVID pandemic. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 39(5), 1465–1478.
Shcherbakova, I.O., Kucherenko, S.N., & Smolskaia, N.B. The effectiveness of an online language course during the COVID-19 pandemic: Students’ perceptions and hard evidence. Educ.Sci, 2023,13,124.
Tafazoli, D., & Meihami, H. (2022). Narrative inquiry for CALL teacher preparation programs amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Language teachers’ technological needs and suggestions. J. Computer Education, 10(1), 163-187.
Tarrayo, V. N., Paz, R. M. O., & Gepila Jr., E. C. (2023). The shift to flexible learning admist the pandemic: The case of English language teachers in a Philippine state university. Innovation in Langauge Learning and Teaching, 17 (1), 130-143.
Ubaedilah. & Pratiwi, D. I. (2021). Utilization of information technology during the Covid-19 pandemic: Student’s perception of online lectures. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(2), 447-455.
Wang, Y. (2022). Probing into the boredome of online instruction among Chinese English language teachers during the Covid-19 pandemic. Current Psychology.
Yuan, R. (2023). Chinese university EFL learners’ foreign language classroom anxiety and enjoyment in an online learning environment during the COVID-19 pandemic, Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1- 17.
Zapata-Cuervo, N., Montes-Guerra, M. I., Shin, H. H., Miyoung, J., & Cho, M. (2023) Students’ psychological perceptions toward online learning engagement and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of students in three different countries. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), 108-122.
Zhao, X., & Xue, W. (2023). From online to offline education in the post- pandemic era: Challenges encountered by international students at British universities. Frontiers in Psychology, 1-10.