Main Article Content
Abstract
The political statements of prospective presidential candidates in the Republic of Indonesia (RI) in the pre-election period of 2024, in 2023, constitute texts of political contestation (PC) loaded with ideology. This research examines those PC texts. The texts are based on the respective ideologies of each presidential candidate. More specifically, this study investigates the ideologies of the presidential candidates, the linguistic realization used to express those ideologies, and the reasons behind the use of ideology and its linguistic realization. This research employs a qualitative descriptive design. Data collection tools included observation, document analysis, and interviews. The data sources were KP texts from three presidential candidates: Anies Rasyid Baswedan, Ganjar Pranowo, and Prabowo Subianto, obtained from newspapers, television, and social media platforms such as WhatsApp, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook. The data, in the form of KP texts, were analyzed using the framework of systemic functional linguistic theory (SFL) as developed by Halliday (2014) and other SFL experts. The research findings indicate that, in addition to similarities, the three presidential candidates have differences in leadership ideology, the linguistic realization of that ideology, and the causes or reasons used. The theoretical contribution of this research enriches applied linguistic theories, especially political discourse analysis (PDA), and simultaneously benefits voters in the 2024 election by helping them understand the ideologies of presidential candidates. This understanding can solidify their decision to vote for a specific candidate, thus reducing the social friction that always occurs during elections in Indonesia.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Amrin Saragih, Yuni Khairina, Khairunnisa Br. Batubara
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
- This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
- Bataineh, M.T. (2019) Linguistic and Pragmatic Devices in King abdullah’s Speech: A Political Discourse analysis. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature. Vol.8 No.2, hal. 40—44.
- Eggins, S (2014) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Continuum
- Fowler R., B. Hodge, G. Kress dan T. Trew. (1979). Language and Control. London: Routledge dan Kegan Paul.
- Fowler, R. (1985). "Power." In: T. A. van Dijk (ed.), hal.. 61-82.
- Fowler, R. (2007) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge
- Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as a Social Semiotics. London: Edward Arnold.
- Halliday, M. A. K. (2005). On Grammar. London: Continuum
- Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1989). Language, context, and text: Aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (1999). Construing experience through meaning: A language-based approach to cognition. London: Cassell
- Halliday, M.A.K (2014) Introduction to Functional Grammar. Abingdon: Routledge.
- Halliday, M.A.K (2016) The Evolution of a Language of Science. In Webster, J.J (ed.) .) Language and Education. London: Continuum., hal 5, 26.
- Kress dan T. Trew(eds). Language and Control. London: Routledge dan Kegan Paul.
- Li, E.S, P.L. Lui dan A.K. Fung (2020) Systemic Functional Political Discourse Analysis: A Text-Basedd Study. Abingdon: Routledge
- Li, T. dan Yi Zhang (2019) Language and Power: A critical Discourse Analysis of the Political Speech. International Jurnal of Languages, Literature, and Linguistics, vol.5, No.4, hal.259—262.
- Martin, J. R. dan D. Rose (2008). Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause. London: Continuum.
- Martin, J. R. dan D. Rose (2012) ‘Genres and Texts: Living in the Real World’, Indonesian Journal of SFL, 1 (1) hal.1–2
- Martin, J.R (1997) Analysing Genre: functional paramers. In Christie, F dan J.R Martin (eds) Genre and Institutins: Social Processes in the Workplace and School. London: Continuum.
- Martin, J. R and D.Rose (2007) Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. London: Continuum
- Martin, J.R. (1992) English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
- Martin, J.R., Christian M I M Matthiessen dan C. Painter (2010). Deploying Functional Grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press
- Mazid, B.M. (2014) CDA and PDA Made Simple: Language, Ideology and Power in Politics and Media. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Saragih, A. (2017) Variations and Functional Varieties of Language. Jakarta: Mahara Publishing
- Thompson, G. (2014) Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Routledge/
- Thompson, J. B. (1990). Ideology and Modern Culture: Critical Social Theory in the Era of Mass Communication. California: Stanford University Press.
- Tian, L. (2021) Discourse Analysis of Political Discourse-A Case Study of Trump’s TV Speech. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. vol. 11 no 5, hal.516—520.
- Trew, T. (1979). Theory and Ideology at Work. Di dalam Fowler, R., B. Hodge, G.
- Van Dijk, T.A. (1985). Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 4: Discourse Analysis in Society. London and New York: Academic Press
- Van Dijk, T.A. (1995). Discourse semantics and ideology. Discourse & Society 6: hal. 243-289.
- Wodak (1996). Disorders of Discourse. London: Longman
References
Bataineh, M.T. (2019) Linguistic and Pragmatic Devices in King abdullah’s Speech: A Political Discourse analysis. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature. Vol.8 No.2, hal. 40—44.
Eggins, S (2014) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Continuum
Fowler R., B. Hodge, G. Kress dan T. Trew. (1979). Language and Control. London: Routledge dan Kegan Paul.
Fowler, R. (1985). "Power." In: T. A. van Dijk (ed.), hal.. 61-82.
Fowler, R. (2007) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London: Routledge
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as a Social Semiotics. London: Edward Arnold.
Halliday, M. A. K. (2005). On Grammar. London: Continuum
Halliday, M. A. K., & Hasan, R. (1989). Language, context, and text: Aspects of language in a social-semiotic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (1999). Construing experience through meaning: A language-based approach to cognition. London: Cassell
Halliday, M.A.K (2014) Introduction to Functional Grammar. Abingdon: Routledge.
Halliday, M.A.K (2016) The Evolution of a Language of Science. In Webster, J.J (ed.) .) Language and Education. London: Continuum., hal 5, 26.
Kress dan T. Trew(eds). Language and Control. London: Routledge dan Kegan Paul.
Li, E.S, P.L. Lui dan A.K. Fung (2020) Systemic Functional Political Discourse Analysis: A Text-Basedd Study. Abingdon: Routledge
Li, T. dan Yi Zhang (2019) Language and Power: A critical Discourse Analysis of the Political Speech. International Jurnal of Languages, Literature, and Linguistics, vol.5, No.4, hal.259—262.
Martin, J. R. dan D. Rose (2008). Working with Discourse: Meaning beyond the Clause. London: Continuum.
Martin, J. R. dan D. Rose (2012) ‘Genres and Texts: Living in the Real World’, Indonesian Journal of SFL, 1 (1) hal.1–2
Martin, J.R (1997) Analysing Genre: functional paramers. In Christie, F dan J.R Martin (eds) Genre and Institutins: Social Processes in the Workplace and School. London: Continuum.
Martin, J. R and D.Rose (2007) Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause. London: Continuum
Martin, J.R. (1992) English Text: System and Structure. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Martin, J.R., Christian M I M Matthiessen dan C. Painter (2010). Deploying Functional Grammar. Beijing: The Commercial Press
Mazid, B.M. (2014) CDA and PDA Made Simple: Language, Ideology and Power in Politics and Media. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Saragih, A. (2017) Variations and Functional Varieties of Language. Jakarta: Mahara Publishing
Thompson, G. (2014) Introducing Functional Grammar. London: Routledge/
Thompson, J. B. (1990). Ideology and Modern Culture: Critical Social Theory in the Era of Mass Communication. California: Stanford University Press.
Tian, L. (2021) Discourse Analysis of Political Discourse-A Case Study of Trump’s TV Speech. Theory and Practice in Language Studies. vol. 11 no 5, hal.516—520.
Trew, T. (1979). Theory and Ideology at Work. Di dalam Fowler, R., B. Hodge, G.
Van Dijk, T.A. (1985). Handbook of Discourse Analysis, 4: Discourse Analysis in Society. London and New York: Academic Press
Van Dijk, T.A. (1995). Discourse semantics and ideology. Discourse & Society 6: hal. 243-289.
Wodak (1996). Disorders of Discourse. London: Longman