Article Sidebar

Submitted
July 30, 2024
Published
January 25, 2025
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 401 Download : 117

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

While ample studies have explored the creation of task-based materials to enhance the English proficiency of university students, there has been limited research on how such materials can be tailored to promote university students' public speaking competence. This paper presents findings from a research and development (R&D) study aimed at refining English teaching materials using a task-based approach to bolster university students' public speaking abilities. The study was conducted in the English Language Department at a public university in Medan and followed the R&D model by employing a multi-phase methodology. Initially, a needs analysis was carried out using a questionnaire to gather student data, focusing on their learning needs and preferences for public speaking skill development. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics to identify key trends. Based on the findings, task-based public speaking materials were developed, featuring structured debates, role-plays, and presentations that encouraged students to engage in real-world speaking tasks. These materials aimed to cultivate both linguistic and strategic competencies necessary for effective public speaking in academic and professional contexts. The materials were then validated through expert evaluation to ensure content accuracy, alignment with public speaking objectives, and pedagogical relevance. Following validation, the materials were piloted in the classroom, and qualitative feedback was collected from both the lecturer and students through interviews and surveys. The validation process confirmed the practicality and effectiveness of the task-based materials. Additionally, both the lecturer and students reported positive outcomes, noting significant improvements in the students' public speaking competence and increased engagement due to the real-world relevance of the tasks.

Keywords

Teaching materials Task-based approach Public speaking competence

Article Details

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Ariatna Ariatna

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in this journal agree with the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
  4. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Ariatna, A., Nuran, A. A., & Nasution, N. S. (2025). Fostering communicative competence: A task-based approach to public speaking materials development. JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 10(1), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.33369/joall.v10i1.36086
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Adhwani, H. (2018). Developing a set of public speaking learning materials for the English clubs of Indonesian High School. English Language Teaching Journal, 7(1), 1-6. https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/index.php/elt/article/view/12403
  2. Al-Tamimi, N. O. M. (2014). Public speaking instruction: abridge to improve English speaking competence and reducing communication apprehension. International Journal of Linguistics and Communication, 2(4), 45-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijlc.v2n4a4
  3. Al-Tamimi, N. O., Abudllah, N., & Bin-Hady, W. R. A. (2020). Teaching speaking skill to EFL college students through task-based approach: problems and improvement. British Journal of English Linguistics, 8(2), 113-130. https://eajournals.org/bjel/vol-8-issue-2-april-2020/teaching-speaking-skill-to-efl-college-students-through-task-based-approach-problems-and-improvement/
  4. Ariatna, Nuran, A. A. ., & Soongpankhao, W. (2023). Developing English teaching materials using task generator to enhance the seventh graders’ English language And 21st century skills. JEELS (Journal of English Education and Linguistics Studies), 10(2), 407–438. https://doi.org/10.30762/jeels.v10i2.1751
  5. Astika, G. (1999). The role of needs analysis in English for Specific Purposes. TEFLIN Journal, 10(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v10i1/31-47
  6. Azizifard, F. M. (2024). The Effect of Task-based Language Teaching on Speaking Skill. Cihan University-Erbil Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v8n1y2024.pp65-71
  7. Bao, R., & Kirkebæk, M. J. (2013). Danish students’ perceptions of task-based teaching in Chinese. In M. J. Kirkebæk, X. Du & A.A. Jensen (Eds.), Teaching and Learning Culture (pp. 61- 78). Brill. https://brill.com/view/book/9789462094406/BP000006.xml
  8. Barrett, M. & Golubeva, I. (2022). From Intercultural Communicative Competence to Intercultural Citizenship: Preparing Young People for Citizenship in a Culturally Diverse Democratic World. In T. McConachy, I. Golubeva & M. Wagner (Ed.), Intercultural Learning in Language Education and Beyond: Evolving Concepts, Perspectives and Practices (pp. 60-83). Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781800412613-011
  9. Boonma, N., & Swatevacharkul, R. (2020). The effect of autonomous learning process on learner autonomy of English public speaking students. Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(1), 194-205. https://doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v10i1.25037
  10. Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). Pearson.
  11. Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Teaching the spoken language. Cambridge University Press.
  12. Carless, D. (2007). The suitability of task-based approaches for secondary schools: Perspectives from Hong Kong. System, 35(4), 595-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2007.09.003
  13. Chau, H. T. H., Bui, H. P., & Dinh, Q. T. H. (2024). Impacts of online collaborative learning on students’ intercultural communication apprehension and intercultural communicative competence. Education and Information Technologies, 29(6), 7447-7464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12100-0
  14. Collins, R. (2014). Skills for the 21st century: Teaching higher-order thinking. Curriculum and Leadership Journal, 12(14), 57-72. https://valleyteams.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/10/curriculum-leadership-journal-skills-for-the-21st-century-teaching-higher-order-thinking.pdf
  15. Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2008). The systematic design of instruction (7th ed.). Pearson.
  16. Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational Strategies in the Language Classroom. Cambridge University Press.
  17. Dörnyei, Z., & Thurrell, S. (1994). Teaching conversational skills intensively: Course content and rationale. ELT Journal, 48(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/48.1.40
  18. Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press.
  19. Ellis, R. (2019). Introducing task-based language teaching. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
  20. Goh, C. C. M., & Burns, A. (2012). Teaching speaking: A holistic approach. Cambridge University Press.
  21. Grieve, R., Woodley, J., Hunt, S. E., & McKay, A. (2021). Student fears of oral presentations and public speaking in higher education: a qualitative survey. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 45(9), 1281-1293. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877X.2021.1948509
  22. Guerrero, B. R. S., Fray, L. F. B., Fray, J. I. B., & Valle, V. V. Y. (2020). Task-based learning approach to enhance oral production in university settings. Dominio de las Ciencias, 6(2), 554-586. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7398449
  23. Hakim, M. A. R., & Abidin, M. J. Z. (2018). Developing public speaking materials based on communicative language teaching for EFL learners in Indonesia. In S. Madya, F.A. Hamied, W.A. Renandya, C. Coombe, & Y. Basthomi (Eds.), ELT in Asia in the Digital Era: Global Citizenship and Identity (pp. 145-150). Routledge.
  24. Hancock, A. B., Stone, M. D., Brundage, S. B., & Zeigler, M. T. (2010). Public speaking attitudes: Does curriculum make a difference?. Journal of voice, 24(3), 302-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.09.007
  25. Handayani, F., & Prasetyo, D. E. (2022). Public speaking module to English students based on communicative language teaching method. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, 6(1), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.23887/jppp.v6i1.43371
  26. Hapsari, Y., Sari, R. C., & Lengkanawati, N. S. (2022). Indonesian EFL teachers’ intercultural communicative competence. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Language, Literature, Education and Culture, 39-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2021.2319693
  27. Harmer, J. (2007). The practice of English language teaching (4th ed.). Pearson.
  28. Hasnain, S., & Halder, S. (2024). The effect of Task-Based Language Teaching on the speaking fluency and accuracy of adult ESL learners: a study on trainee teachers in West Bengal. SN Social Sciences, 4(10), 174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-024-00975-w
  29. Huang, X. (2024). Research on the Effectiveness of Task-based Language Teaching in Higher Education. Adult and Higher Education, 6(1), 74-79. https://doi.org/10.23977/aduhe.2024.060111
  30. Hutchinson, T., & Waters, A. (1987). English for specific purposes: A learning-centred approach. Cambridge University Press.
  31. Ji, K. (2014). Effects of a task-based approach to public speaking instruction. Chinese Journal of Applied Linguistics, 37(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1515/cjal-2014-0002
  32. Kulp, R.G. (2018). Anxiety in the classroom: Evaluating the relationship between instructor immediacy and public speaking anxiety among college students [Doctoral dissertation, Immaculata University]. Gabriele library. https://library.immaculata.edu/
  33. Littlewood, W. (1981). Communicative language teaching: An introduction. Cambridge University Press.
  34. Long, M. H. (2005). Methodological issues in learner needs analysis. In M. H. Long (Ed.), Second language needs analysis (pp. 19-76). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667299.002
  35. Long, M.H. (2015). Second language acquisition and task-based language teaching. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  36. Luoma, S. (2004). Assessing speaking. Cambridge University Press.
  37. Lucas, S. E. (2011). The art of public speaking. McGraw-Hill.
  38. McDonough, K., & Chaikitmongkol, W. (2007). Teachers' and learners' reactions to a task‐based EFL course in Thailand. TESOL Quarterly, 41(1), 107-132. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1545-7249.2007.tb00042.x
  39. Menggo, S., Suastra, I., Budiarsa, M., & Padmadewi, N. N. (2019). Needs analysis of academic English speaking material in promoting 21st century skills. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 739-754. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1211030
  40. Mukminatien, N. (2004). Engaging EFL students with authentic tasks: Possibilities within limitations. In H.W. Kam & R.Y.L. Wong (Eds.), English language teaching in East Asia today: Changing policies and practices (pp. 187-194). Eastern Universities Press.
  41. Nation, I. S. P., & Macalister, J. (2010). Language curriculum design. Routledge.
  42. Nunan, D. (2004). Task-based language teaching. Cambridge University Press.
  43. Partnership for 21st Century Skills. (2011). Framework for 21st century learning. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED519462
  44. Quinn, S., & Goody, A. (2019). An evaluation of a course aimed at reducing public speaking anxiety among university students. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(3), 503-511. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1244986
  45. Richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. Cambridge University Press.
  46. Richards, J. C. (2008). Teaching listening and speaking: From theory to practice. Cambridge University Press.
  47. Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  48. Rohani, S. (2013). Positive versus negative communication strategies in task-based learning. TEFLIN Journal, 24(2), 158-179. http://dx.doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v24i2/158-179
  49. Tomlinson, B. (2011). Materials development in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  50. Tomlinson, B. (2016). Current issues in the development of materials for learners of English as an International Language (EIL). In W.A. Renandya & H.P. Widodo (Eds.), English language teaching today: Linking theory and practice (pp. 53-66). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38834-2_5
  51. Sugiyati, K., & Indriani, L. (2021). Exploring the level and primary causes of public speaking anxiety among English department students. Journal of Research on Language Education, 2(1), 57-66. https://ejurnal.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/JoRLE/article/view/906
  52. Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach speaking. Longman.
  53. Thornbury, S., & Slade, D. (2006). Conversation: From description to pedagogy. Cambridge University Press.
  54. Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. Jossey-Bass.
  55. Tzotzou, M. D. (2014). Designing and administering a needs analysis survey to primary school learners about EFL learning: A case study. Preschool & Primary Education, 2(1), 59–82. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/187383/
  56. Van den Branden, K. (Ed.). (2006). Task-based language education: From theory to practice. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511667282.011
  57. Van den Branden, K., Van Gorp, K., & Verhelst, M. (2007). Tasks in action: Task-based language education from a classroom-based perspective. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
  58. Waluyo, B., & Wangdi, T. (2024). Task-Based Language Teaching in Academic English Higher Education: A Case of Low-Proficiency Learners in Thailand. 3L: Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 30(3). http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2024-3003-17
  59. Werdiningsih, I., & Mukminatien, N. (2023). Testing public speaking proficiency: Designing an assessment instrument for university students. International Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 422-431. https://doi.org/10.32528/issh.v2i2.261
  60. Willis, D., & Willis, J. (2007). Doing task-based teaching. Oxford University Press.
  61. Yahya, M. Y. (2019). Improving speaking performance and L2 motivation through task-based language teaching on Malaysian undergraduate students. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Reading]. CentAUR. https://doi.org/10.48683/1926.00089016