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Abstract
This study investigated the impact of adding natural compounds, including zeolite, charcoal, Quicklime, and limestone, to broiler litter on broiler chickens' performance and health parameters. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with five treatments: T1 = fresh rice husk without additional compound, T2 = 10% zeolite, T3 = 10% charcoal, T4 = 5% quicklime, and T5 = 5% limestone. The results showed that adding natural compounds improved broilers' growth rate, with the highest final body weight observed in the T5, 2459.78 g. Mortality rates did not differ significantly among treatments. The addition of natural compounds did not affect (P > 0.05) the relative weight of the immune organ, except the liver. The addition of natural compounds did not significantly affect blood parameters, including red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and haemoglobin levels (P > 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of footpad dermatitis was lower in litter treated with natural compounds than in untreated litter. In conclusion, adding natural compounds to broiler litter can enhance broiler performance and health without adverse effects, promoting overall growth and reducing footpad dermatitis.
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References
- Bennett, D. S., S. E. Higgins, R. Moore, J. A. Byrd, R. Beltran, C. Corsiglia, D. Caldwell, and B. M. Hargis. 2005. Effect of addition of hydrated lime to litter on recovery of selected bacteria and poult performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:721–727.
- Bilgili, S. F., J. B. Hess, J. P. Blake, K. S. Macklin, B. Saenmahayak, and J. L. Sibley. 2009. Influence of bedding material on footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18:583–589.
- Brink, M., G. P. J. Janssens, P. Demeyer, Bağci, and E. Delezie. 2022a. Ammonia concentrations, litter quality, performance and some welfare parameters of broilers kept on different bedding materials. Br. Poult. Sci. 63:768–778.
- Brink, M., G. P. J. Janssens, P. Demeyer, Bağci, and E. Delezie. 2022b. Ammonia concentrations, litter quality, performance and some welfare parameters of broilers kept on different bedding materials. Br. Poult. Sci. 63:768–778.
- Haslam, S. M., S. N. Brown, L. J. Wilkins, S. C. Kestin, P. D. Warriss, and C. J. Nicol. 2006. Preliminary study to examine the utility of using foot burn or hock burn to assess aspects of housing conditions for broiler chicken. Br. Poult. Sci. 47:13–18.
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- Lyu, W., H. Jia, C. Deng, S. Yamada, and H. Kato. 2021. Zeolite-containing mixture alleviates microbial dysbiosis in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Food. Sci. Nutr. 9:772–780.
- Martland, M. F. 1985. Ulcerative dermatitis dm broiler chickens: The effects of wet litter. Avian Pathol. 14:353–364.
- Onu, P., F. Madubuike, P. E. Nwakpu, and A. I. Anyaehie. 2011. Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers raised on three different litter materials. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2:1347–1350.
- Rashidi, N., A. Khatibjoo, K. Taherpour, M. Akbari-Gharaei, and H. Shirzadi. 2020. Effects of licorice extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter biochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B1. Poult. Sci. 99:5896–5906.
- Ren, G., H. Wang, Y. Yan, F. Liu, M. Huang, and R. Chen. 2019. Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from chickens associated with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in China. Poult. Sci. 98:2765–2771.
- Ruiz, V., D. Ruiz, A. G. Gernat, J. L. Grimes, J. G. Murillo, M. J. Wineland, K. E. Anderson, and R. O. Maguire. 2008. The effect of quicklime (CaO) on litter condition and broiler performance. Poult. Sci. 87:823–827.
- Schneider, A. F., D. S. D. Almeida, F. M. Yuri, O. F. Zimmermann, M. W. Gerber, and C. E. Gewehr. 2016. Natural zeolites in diet or litter of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 57:257–263.
- Sorin, M. C., V. Ilie, C. Georgeta, G. Anca, and M. Teodor. 2013. Influence of the dietary protein level on the incidence of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 83:1084–1089
- Witkowska, D., J. Sowiska, K. Iwaczuk-Czernik, T. Mituniewicz, A. Wójcik, and J. Szarek. 2006. The effect of a disinfectant on the ammonia concentration on the surface of litter, air and the pathomorphological picture of kidneys and livers in broiler chickens. Archiv fur Tierzucht. 49:249–256.
References
Bennett, D. S., S. E. Higgins, R. Moore, J. A. Byrd, R. Beltran, C. Corsiglia, D. Caldwell, and B. M. Hargis. 2005. Effect of addition of hydrated lime to litter on recovery of selected bacteria and poult performance. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 14:721–727.
Bilgili, S. F., J. B. Hess, J. P. Blake, K. S. Macklin, B. Saenmahayak, and J. L. Sibley. 2009. Influence of bedding material on footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 18:583–589.
Brink, M., G. P. J. Janssens, P. Demeyer, Bağci, and E. Delezie. 2022a. Ammonia concentrations, litter quality, performance and some welfare parameters of broilers kept on different bedding materials. Br. Poult. Sci. 63:768–778.
Brink, M., G. P. J. Janssens, P. Demeyer, Bağci, and E. Delezie. 2022b. Ammonia concentrations, litter quality, performance and some welfare parameters of broilers kept on different bedding materials. Br. Poult. Sci. 63:768–778.
Haslam, S. M., S. N. Brown, L. J. Wilkins, S. C. Kestin, P. D. Warriss, and C. J. Nicol. 2006. Preliminary study to examine the utility of using foot burn or hock burn to assess aspects of housing conditions for broiler chicken. Br. Poult. Sci. 47:13–18.
Hendalia, E., F. Manin, Yusrizal, and G. M. Nasution. 2012. The application of probiotik in increasing protein efficiency and reducing fecal ammonia on broiler chikens. Agrinak 2:29–35.
Khoso, P. A., A. A. Memon, A. A. Baloch, A. R. Mangi, and Z. A. Khoso. 2018. Effect of Mineral and Vitamin Supplementation on Performance and Haemotological Values in Broilers. J. Northeast Agric. Univ. 25:33–39
Loch, F. C., M. C. de Oliveira, D. da Silva, B. N. Gonçalves, B. F. de Faria, and J. F. S. Menezes. 2011. Quality of poultry litter submitted to different treatments in five consecutive flocks. R. Bras. Zootec. 40:1025–1030
Lyu, W., H. Jia, C. Deng, S. Yamada, and H. Kato. 2021. Zeolite-containing mixture alleviates microbial dysbiosis in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice. Food. Sci. Nutr. 9:772–780.
Martland, M. F. 1985. Ulcerative dermatitis dm broiler chickens: The effects of wet litter. Avian Pathol. 14:353–364.
Onu, P., F. Madubuike, P. E. Nwakpu, and A. I. Anyaehie. 2011. Performance and carcass characteristics of broilers raised on three different litter materials. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America 2:1347–1350.
Rashidi, N., A. Khatibjoo, K. Taherpour, M. Akbari-Gharaei, and H. Shirzadi. 2020. Effects of licorice extract, probiotic, toxin binder and poultry litter biochar on performance, immune function, blood indices and liver histopathology of broilers exposed to aflatoxin-B1. Poult. Sci. 99:5896–5906.
Ren, G., H. Wang, Y. Yan, F. Liu, M. Huang, and R. Chen. 2019. Pathogenicity of a fowl adenovirus serotype 4 isolated from chickens associated with hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome in China. Poult. Sci. 98:2765–2771.
Ruiz, V., D. Ruiz, A. G. Gernat, J. L. Grimes, J. G. Murillo, M. J. Wineland, K. E. Anderson, and R. O. Maguire. 2008. The effect of quicklime (CaO) on litter condition and broiler performance. Poult. Sci. 87:823–827.
Schneider, A. F., D. S. D. Almeida, F. M. Yuri, O. F. Zimmermann, M. W. Gerber, and C. E. Gewehr. 2016. Natural zeolites in diet or litter of broilers. Br. Poult. Sci. 57:257–263.
Sorin, M. C., V. Ilie, C. Georgeta, G. Anca, and M. Teodor. 2013. Influence of the dietary protein level on the incidence of footpad dermatitis in broiler chickens. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 83:1084–1089
Witkowska, D., J. Sowiska, K. Iwaczuk-Czernik, T. Mituniewicz, A. Wójcik, and J. Szarek. 2006. The effect of a disinfectant on the ammonia concentration on the surface of litter, air and the pathomorphological picture of kidneys and livers in broiler chickens. Archiv fur Tierzucht. 49:249–256.