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Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of papaya leaf and turmeric extract supplementation on the total apparent digestibility of nutrients and methane gas production in Bali cattle. The livestock used were 18 Bali cattle that were distributed into treatment without papaya leaf and turmeric extract supplementation (P0), Supplementation of 0.0075% turmeric extract g/kg live weight/day (P1), and supplementation of 0.00375% turmeric extract per kg live weight per day + 0.00375% papaya leaf extract per kg live weight per day (P2). The basal diets were 60% elephant grass cv. Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) and 40% concentrate. The ration provision was three per cent dry matter of body weight. The observed parameters included feed consumption, feces production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fat digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility, and methane gas production. The research results indicated that the treatment did not significantly affect feed consumption (P>0.05) but did affect crude protein digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility, and methane gas production. This study concludes that the feeding of elephant grass cv. Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan), with the addition of papaya leaf extract and turmeric extract, does not have a positive effect on feed consumption and feed digestibility; thus, it cannot suppress methane gas production in livestock.
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References
- Adawiyah, Sutardi, T., Toharmat, T., Manalu, M., Ramli, R., Tanuwiria, U.H. 2007. Responses to mineral and organic mineral soap supplementation and roasted soybeans on indicators of ration fermentability in sheep rumen. Livestock Media. 3(1): 63-70.
- Aka, R., and Sandiah, N. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter mixed with mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid. cv. mulato) with different types of legumes using cow rumen fluid. Journal of Tropical Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, 1(1), 16-22.
- Budiari, N. L. G., Pujiawati, Y., Adijaya, I. N., and Kertawirawan, I. P. A. 2020. Effect of turmeric flour level in bali cattle rations on farmer performance and income. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry Agribusiness Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 618-627).
- Ichwani, F., Rustomo, B., and Bata, M. 2013. The effect of the addition of hibiscus leaf flour (Hisbiscus tileaceus) in ammoniated rice straw-based local cattle rations on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. Scientific Journal of Animal Husbandry, 2, 554-560.
- Jayanegara, A. 2011. Polyphenols as natural additives in efforts to mitigate methane gas emissions from ruminants. Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor Campus of IPB, 16680.
- Jayanegara, A., Sofyan, A., Makkar, H. S., and Becker, K. 2009. Kinetics of gas production, organic matter digestibility and in vitro methane gas production in hay and straw supplemented with forage containing tannins. Livestock Media, 32(2).
- Jentsch, W., Schweigel, M., Weissbach, F., Scholze, H., Pitroff, W., dan Derno, M. 2007. Methane production in cattle calculated by the nutrient composition of the diet. Archives of animal nutrition, 61(1), 10-19.
- Kartasaputra, G., 1992. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
- Ministry of EnvironmentKementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2012. Guidelines for administering a national greenhouse gas inventory. Ministry of Environment. Jakarta.
- Khoiriyah, M., Chuzaemi, S., dan Sudarwati, H. 2017. Effect of flour and papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya l.) addition to feed on gas production, digestibility and energy values in vitro. TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production, 17(2), 74-85.
- Liizza, R. M., Harjanti, D. W., and Muktiani, A. 2018. Effect of papaya leaf extract (carica papaya linn) and turmeric (curcuma domestica) on nutrient digestibility in dairy cows in vitro. AGROMEDIA: Scientific Periodicals of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1).
- Lovett, D.K., L.J. Stack, S. Lovell, J. Callan, B. Flynn, M. Hawkins., dan F.P. O’Mara. 2005. Manipulating enteric methane emissions and animal performance of late-lactation dairy cows through concentrate supplementation at pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 2836-2842.
- Mallidadi, H., Nikolaus, T. T., and Enawati, L. S. 2019. Effect of fiber level on consumption and nutrient digestibility of genetically variant cattle and normal Bali cattle. Journal of Dry Land Animal Husbandry, 1(3), 410-416.
- Mastika, I.M. 2014. Techniques for reducing and suppressing rumen protozoa populations in ruminants. Udayana University Press, Denpasar.
- Nguyen, S. H., Nguyen, H. D. T., & Hegarty, R. S. 2020. Defaunation and its impacts on ruminal fermentation, enteric methane production and animal productivity. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 32(4), 1-9.
- Nur, K., Atabany, A., Muladno, M., and Jayanegara, A. 2015. Production of ruminant methane gas in dairy cows with different feeds and its effect on milk production and quality. Journal of Production Science and Technology of Animal Husbandry Products, 3(2), 65-71.
- Patra, A. K., dan Saxena, J. 2010. A new perspective on the use of plant secondary metabolites to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen. Phytochemistry, 71(11-12), 1198-1222.
- Philippe, F. X. & B. Nicks. 2014. Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses : Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure. Agri, Eco and Env 199 e10-e25.
- Prawitasari, R. H., V. D. Y. B. Ismadi, and I. Estiningdriati. 2012. Digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber and digestion rate in Arabic chickens fed diets with various levels of Azolla microphylla. J. Anim. Agric., 1(1): 471-483.
- Ratnia, D. 2018. Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 Dan N2O ) from the livestock sector in southern Sleman district in Yogyakarta. Thesis. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta.
- Riswandi., Muhakka and M. Lehan. 2015. Evaluation of in vitro digestibility value of Bali cattle rations supplemented with biopilus probiotics. J. Srivijaya Animal Husbandry. 4(1) : 35 – 46.
- Sarifah, N. S., Prayitno, C. H., & Sutardi, T. R. (2013). Effect of Herbal Extract Supplementation on Digestibility of Dry Matter and Organic Matter and Concentration of VFA in Vitro. Scientific Journal of Animal Husbandry, 1(2), 561-570.
- Silage, L. E. A. T. G. 2019. Modulation of rumen fermentation patterns and methane gas emissions from the addition of lerak extract to gamal silage. Veterinary Journal Veterinary Journal June, 20(2), 202-210.
- Suardin., N. Sandiah and R. Aka. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter mixed with Mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid.cv.mulato) with different types of legumes using cow rumen fluid. J. Tropical Animal Husbandry Science and Technology. 1(1) :16–22.
- Sundari, R. 2016. Utilization and efficiency of turmeric curcumin (Curcuma domestica Val) as an indicator of acid-base titration. Technoin, 2016, 22.8.
- Tseu, R. J., Perna Junior, F., Carvalho, R. F., Sene, G. A., Tropaldi, C. B., Peres, A. H., dan Rodrigues, P. H. M. 2020. Effect of tannins and monensin on feeding behaviour, feed intake, digestive parameters and microbial efficiency of nellore cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 19(1), 262-273.
- Ungerfeld, E.M., S.R. Rust, R.J. Burnett, M.T. Yokoyama, dan J.K. Wang. 2005. Effects of two lipids on in vitro ruminal methane production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119: 179-185.
- Vorlaphim, T., Phonvisay, M., Khotsakdee, J., Vasupen, K., Bureenok, S., Wongsuthavas, S., dan Yuangklang, C. 2011. Influence of dietary curcumin on rumen fermentation, macronutrient digestion and nitrogen balance in beef cattle. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.
- Wahyuni, I. M. D., Muktiani, A., and Christiyanto, M. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter and fiber degradation in feed supplemented with tannins and saponins. Journal of Agripet, 14(2), 115-124.
- Wahyuni, I. M. D., Muktiani, A., dan Christianto, M. 2014. Determination of the dose of tannins and saponins for defaunation and increase in feed fermentability. JITP, 3(3), 133-140.
- Widiawati, Y., & Puastuti, W. (2017, March). The effect of condensed tannin and saponin in reducing methane produced during rumen digestion of agricultural byproducts. In International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology (pp. 139-146).
- Wiseman, J. 1990. Variability in the nutritive value of fast for ruminant. In: Feedstuff Evaluatrion. Wiseman, J. And D.J.A.Cole (Eds). Butterworths.
- Yuniarti, F. 2022. Feed digestibility and methane gas production in Bali cattle calves fed various forage sources. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu.
References
Adawiyah, Sutardi, T., Toharmat, T., Manalu, M., Ramli, R., Tanuwiria, U.H. 2007. Responses to mineral and organic mineral soap supplementation and roasted soybeans on indicators of ration fermentability in sheep rumen. Livestock Media. 3(1): 63-70.
Aka, R., and Sandiah, N. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter mixed with mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid. cv. mulato) with different types of legumes using cow rumen fluid. Journal of Tropical Animal Husbandry Science and Technology, 1(1), 16-22.
Budiari, N. L. G., Pujiawati, Y., Adijaya, I. N., and Kertawirawan, I. P. A. 2020. Effect of turmeric flour level in bali cattle rations on farmer performance and income. In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Animal Husbandry Agribusiness Technology (Vol. 7, pp. 618-627).
Ichwani, F., Rustomo, B., and Bata, M. 2013. The effect of the addition of hibiscus leaf flour (Hisbiscus tileaceus) in ammoniated rice straw-based local cattle rations on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter. Scientific Journal of Animal Husbandry, 2, 554-560.
Jayanegara, A. 2011. Polyphenols as natural additives in efforts to mitigate methane gas emissions from ruminants. Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry IPB Jl. Agatis Darmaga Bogor Campus of IPB, 16680.
Jayanegara, A., Sofyan, A., Makkar, H. S., and Becker, K. 2009. Kinetics of gas production, organic matter digestibility and in vitro methane gas production in hay and straw supplemented with forage containing tannins. Livestock Media, 32(2).
Jentsch, W., Schweigel, M., Weissbach, F., Scholze, H., Pitroff, W., dan Derno, M. 2007. Methane production in cattle calculated by the nutrient composition of the diet. Archives of animal nutrition, 61(1), 10-19.
Kartasaputra, G., 1992. Cultivation of Medicinal Plants. Rineka Cipta, Jakarta.
Ministry of EnvironmentKementerian Lingkungan Hidup. 2012. Guidelines for administering a national greenhouse gas inventory. Ministry of Environment. Jakarta.
Khoiriyah, M., Chuzaemi, S., dan Sudarwati, H. 2017. Effect of flour and papaya leaf extract (Carica papaya l.) addition to feed on gas production, digestibility and energy values in vitro. TERNAK TROPIKA Journal of Tropical Animal Production, 17(2), 74-85.
Liizza, R. M., Harjanti, D. W., and Muktiani, A. 2018. Effect of papaya leaf extract (carica papaya linn) and turmeric (curcuma domestica) on nutrient digestibility in dairy cows in vitro. AGROMEDIA: Scientific Periodicals of Agricultural Sciences, 36(1).
Lovett, D.K., L.J. Stack, S. Lovell, J. Callan, B. Flynn, M. Hawkins., dan F.P. O’Mara. 2005. Manipulating enteric methane emissions and animal performance of late-lactation dairy cows through concentrate supplementation at pasture. J. Dairy Sci. 88: 2836-2842.
Mallidadi, H., Nikolaus, T. T., and Enawati, L. S. 2019. Effect of fiber level on consumption and nutrient digestibility of genetically variant cattle and normal Bali cattle. Journal of Dry Land Animal Husbandry, 1(3), 410-416.
Mastika, I.M. 2014. Techniques for reducing and suppressing rumen protozoa populations in ruminants. Udayana University Press, Denpasar.
Nguyen, S. H., Nguyen, H. D. T., & Hegarty, R. S. 2020. Defaunation and its impacts on ruminal fermentation, enteric methane production and animal productivity. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 32(4), 1-9.
Nur, K., Atabany, A., Muladno, M., and Jayanegara, A. 2015. Production of ruminant methane gas in dairy cows with different feeds and its effect on milk production and quality. Journal of Production Science and Technology of Animal Husbandry Products, 3(2), 65-71.
Patra, A. K., dan Saxena, J. 2010. A new perspective on the use of plant secondary metabolites to inhibit methanogenesis in the rumen. Phytochemistry, 71(11-12), 1198-1222.
Philippe, F. X. & B. Nicks. 2014. Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses : Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure. Agri, Eco and Env 199 e10-e25.
Prawitasari, R. H., V. D. Y. B. Ismadi, and I. Estiningdriati. 2012. Digestibility of crude protein and crude fiber and digestion rate in Arabic chickens fed diets with various levels of Azolla microphylla. J. Anim. Agric., 1(1): 471-483.
Ratnia, D. 2018. Inventory of greenhouse gas emissions (CH4 Dan N2O ) from the livestock sector in southern Sleman district in Yogyakarta. Thesis. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Indonesian Islamic University, Yogyakarta.
Riswandi., Muhakka and M. Lehan. 2015. Evaluation of in vitro digestibility value of Bali cattle rations supplemented with biopilus probiotics. J. Srivijaya Animal Husbandry. 4(1) : 35 – 46.
Sarifah, N. S., Prayitno, C. H., & Sutardi, T. R. (2013). Effect of Herbal Extract Supplementation on Digestibility of Dry Matter and Organic Matter and Concentration of VFA in Vitro. Scientific Journal of Animal Husbandry, 1(2), 561-570.
Silage, L. E. A. T. G. 2019. Modulation of rumen fermentation patterns and methane gas emissions from the addition of lerak extract to gamal silage. Veterinary Journal Veterinary Journal June, 20(2), 202-210.
Suardin., N. Sandiah and R. Aka. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter mixed with Mulato grass (Brachiaria hybrid.cv.mulato) with different types of legumes using cow rumen fluid. J. Tropical Animal Husbandry Science and Technology. 1(1) :16–22.
Sundari, R. 2016. Utilization and efficiency of turmeric curcumin (Curcuma domestica Val) as an indicator of acid-base titration. Technoin, 2016, 22.8.
Tseu, R. J., Perna Junior, F., Carvalho, R. F., Sene, G. A., Tropaldi, C. B., Peres, A. H., dan Rodrigues, P. H. M. 2020. Effect of tannins and monensin on feeding behaviour, feed intake, digestive parameters and microbial efficiency of nellore cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 19(1), 262-273.
Ungerfeld, E.M., S.R. Rust, R.J. Burnett, M.T. Yokoyama, dan J.K. Wang. 2005. Effects of two lipids on in vitro ruminal methane production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119: 179-185.
Vorlaphim, T., Phonvisay, M., Khotsakdee, J., Vasupen, K., Bureenok, S., Wongsuthavas, S., dan Yuangklang, C. 2011. Influence of dietary curcumin on rumen fermentation, macronutrient digestion and nitrogen balance in beef cattle. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science.
Wahyuni, I. M. D., Muktiani, A., and Christiyanto, M. 2014. Digestibility of dry matter and organic matter and fiber degradation in feed supplemented with tannins and saponins. Journal of Agripet, 14(2), 115-124.
Wahyuni, I. M. D., Muktiani, A., dan Christianto, M. 2014. Determination of the dose of tannins and saponins for defaunation and increase in feed fermentability. JITP, 3(3), 133-140.
Widiawati, Y., & Puastuti, W. (2017, March). The effect of condensed tannin and saponin in reducing methane produced during rumen digestion of agricultural byproducts. In International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology (pp. 139-146).
Wiseman, J. 1990. Variability in the nutritive value of fast for ruminant. In: Feedstuff Evaluatrion. Wiseman, J. And D.J.A.Cole (Eds). Butterworths.
Yuniarti, F. 2022. Feed digestibility and methane gas production in Bali cattle calves fed various forage sources. Thesis. Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu.