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Abstract
Tallow is a by-product of the meat processing industry. Tallow is commonly used as a raw material in soap making. This studi aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tallow-based soap with varying amounts of tea tree and peppermint extracts. This study used a completely randomized design with the addition of tea tree and peppermint extracts 0% (P1), addition 2% (P2), addition 5% (P3), addition 8% (P4). The parameters of this study were water content, pH, free fatty acids, and antibacterial activity tests against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes. The results showed that tea tree and peppermint extracts had no significant effect on the water content, pH and free fatty acid values. Meanwhile, the results of antibacterial activity showed significantly different results (P<0.05) for E. coli and S. aureus but were not significant for P. acnes. Adding tea tree and peppermint extracts to tallow-based soap can enhance its antibacterial properties without affecting the physical quality of the soap.
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References
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References
Akib, N. I., Triwatami, M., Putri, A. E. P. (2019). Aktivitas Antibakteri Sabun Cuci Tangan yang Mengandung Ekstrak Metanol Rumput Laut Eucheuma spinosum. MEDULA, 7(1). 50-61
Badan Standardisasi Nasional. 2016. Standar Mutu Sabun Mandi. SNI 3532-2021. Jakarta: Dewan Standarisasi Nasional.
Baehaki, A., Lestari, S. D., Hildianti, D. F. (2019). Pemanfaatan rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dalam pembuatan sabun antiseptik. Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia.22(1), 143-154.
Beveridge T.J. 1999. Structures of gram-negative cell walls and their derived membrane vesicles. J bacteriol. 4725–4733.
Dhiman A, A. Nanda, S. Ahmad, B. Narasimhan. 2011. In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic leaf extract of Psidium guajava L. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 3(1): 226-229.
Habib, A., Kumar, S., Sorowar, M. S., Karmoker, J., Khatun, M. K., and Al-Reza, S. M. (2016). Study on the physicochemical properties of some commercial soaps available in Bangladeshi market. International Journal of Advanced Research in Chemical Science, 3(6), 9–12.
Idoko, O., Emmanuel, S. A., Salau, A. A., and Obigwa, P. A. (2018). Quality assessment on some soaps sold in Nigeria. NIJOTECH, 37(4), 1137–1140.
Kowalska M, Bekas W, Gruczynska E, Kowalski B. 2015. Modification of beef tallow fractions by chemical and enzymatic interesterification with sunflower oil. Journal Food Technol. 3(3): 404-409.
Marwati T, Irinne D.P, Nur R, Eni H, Endang S.R. 2012. Mekanisme awal dan aplikasi antibakteri pediosin PAF-11 sebagai pengawet tahu. J Pascapanen. 9(2):54-62.
Moulia M.N., Syarief R., Iriani E.S., Kusumaningrum H.D., Suyatma N.E. 2018. Antimikroba ekstrak bawang putih. Jurnal Pangan. 27(1) : 55-66.
Mumpuni, A. S., and Sasongko, H. 2017. Mutu sabun transparan ekstrak etanol herba pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) setelah penambahan sukrosa. Pharmaciana, 7(1), 71–78.
Paju N, Yamlean P.V., Kojong N. 2013. Uji efektivitas salep ekstrak daun binahong (Anredera cordifolia steenis.) pada kelinci (Oryctolagus cuniculus) yang terinfeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacon. 2(1):51–61.
Pal V., Ajay P, Mahantesh P., Ramana K.V., Jeevaratman K. 2009. Isolation, biochemical properties and application of bacteriocin from Pediococcus pentosaceous isolates. J Food Proc. Preserv. 34: 1064-1079.
Rita WS, Vinapriliani NPE, Gunawan IWG. 2018. Formulasi sediaan sabun padat minyak astiri serai dapur (Cymbopogon ciratus DC) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aereus. Jurnal Cakra Kimia. 6(2): 152-160.
Rosdiyawati, Risky. 2014. Uji efektivitas antibakteri sediaan sabun mandi cair minyak atsiri kulit buah jeruk pontianak (Citrus nobilis Lour. Var. Microcarpa) terhadap Staphylococcus aerus dan Escherichia coli. Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak: Kalimantan Barat.
Setiawan, Kunarto, A., Sani, E. Y. 2018. Ekstraksi daun peppermint (Mentha piperita l.) menggunakan metode microwave assisted extraction terhadap total fenolik, tanin, flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan. Jurnal Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian.
Standar Nasional Indonesia, Sabun Mandi Padat: No. 3532-2016. Jakarta: Badan Standar Nasional.
Steel R, Torrie JK. 1991. Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama.