Main Article Content
Abstract
Mud buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is one of Indonesia's livestock commodities with a high potential to be developed. However, its utilization has not been optimized to the fullest. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the silvopasture system in improving mud buffalo welfare based on physiological responses and feeding behavior. This study was conducted in Peguyangan Village, Bantarbolang Subdistrict, Central Java Province. Ninety-one buffaloes were observed using a purposive sampling technique grouped by sex and age. Variables observed included grazing distance, environmental temperature and humidity, physiological responses, Heat Tolerance Coefficient (HTC) values, and feeding behavior. T-test analyzed data. The results showed the highest body temperature (38.08 ˚C) in adult male buffaloes with a grazing distance of 5 km. Buffaloes grazed within an 8 km radius had higher respiration rate (42.48±2.67 bpm) and travel speed (1.14 km/h), with shorter feeding duration (03:18 minute) compared to a 5 km distance (03:57 minute). HTC analysis showed low heat tolerance in both regions. Feeding behavior was observed more frequently in female buffaloes. Silvopasture systems integrated with teak forests can provide adequate nutrition, with grazing distance influencing physiological adaptations.
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References
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References
Abdurrahman, R. 2017. Physiological Response And Production Performance Of Female Swamp Buffaloes At Different Altitudes And Ages. IPB Repository. Bogor.
Adkins, B. 2017. Animal Behavior. In Encyclopedia of Animal Behavior 2nd ed. Library Press.
Alfila, I., Muhammad, R. 2019. Wildlife behavior in the mammal class. Faculty of Agriculture, Almuslim University, Aceh.
Asryani, A. 2016. Local wisdom in raising local buffaloes in Randan Batu Village, Tana Toraja Regency. J. Bulletin of Animal Nutrition and food. 12(2): 64-72.
Husni, Munandar, I., Arman, C. 2021. Behavior of mud buffaloes that are extensively maintained in the doro ncanga savanna field in the tambora region of Dompu Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. J. Tambora. 5(3):63-66.
Ibrahim, M., N., M., K., K., Pathirana, and J., A., D., Siriwardene. 2001. Water Buffalo in Asia. National Science Foundation. Sri Lanka.
Khomsa, S., N. 2018. Diversity of forage species for buffalo in peguyangan village, bantarbolang sub-district, pemalang district. IPB Repository. https://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/93482
Kurniadi, R., Purnomo, H., Wijayanto, N., and Fuah, A., M. 2017. Livestock management model around mutis mountain forest and its impact on forest sustainability. J. of Forestry Science. 11(2): 156.
Latupeirissa, C., C., Papilaya, J., B., & Lelloltery, P., R. 2020. Chewing Behavior of MOA Buffaloes fed Local Forage on MOA Island, Southwest Maluku Regency. J. Agrinimal. 8.(1).33-38.
Marai, I., F., M, Haeeb, A., A., M. 2008. The biological function of buffalo affected by heat stress. J. Animal Science. 127:89-109.
Marta, Y. 2017. Grazing System as an Effective and Efficient Alternative for Beef Cattle Farming. J. Pastura. 5(1): 51. p11.
Panggabean, S., Mutiara. 2016. Human resource management, revised edition. Galea Indonesia. Bogor.
Supriyanto, A., Effendi, H. (2020). Panduan Lapangan Pemetaan Berbasis Android Menggunakan Avenza Maps. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Ekosistem Hutan Dipterokarpa. Samarinda