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Abstract
This study aims to describe the mathematical abilities of 5-6-year-old children in kindergartens across Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict. The 2018 and 2022 PISA results indicate that Indonesia's mathematical abilities are still below the global average (around 500) (L. Sulistyo & Dwidayati, 2021). This problem is also found in several kindergartens in Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict, with some teachers reporting difficulties in students' ability to sequence numbers 1 through 20. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires given to kindergarten teachers who teach 5-6-year-old children (Group B) in Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict. The number of participants in this study was 100 children. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 22.0. The results showed that the early mathematical abilities of 5-6-year-old children in Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict still need to be improved. The average score of children's abilities on the 22 items observed was 2.01, which indicates that children's abilities are still in the "Beginning to Develop" stage. Specifically, children's abilities in mentioning numbers 1-20 (average score: 2.03), counting the number of objects in the picture (average score: 1.85), and showing numbers (average score: 2.1) are also still in the "Beginning to Develop" stage. This questionnaire includes questions about number recognition, simple addition, and other basic math concepts. This study has limitations, including a relatively small sample size and reliance on teacher reports. The implication of this research is the need for early intervention to improve the mathematical abilities of children in Samarinda Ulu Subdistrict, especially in arithmetic and number recognition skills.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Reyzia Anggriani Hasnur, Febry Maghfirah, Wilda Isna Kartika

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References
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- Sulistiyaningsih, S. (2023). Penerapan pembelajaran numerasi di TK IT Bhakti Insani. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak (WEBSITE INI SUDAH BERMIGRASI KE WEBSITE YANG BARU==> Https://Journal. Uny. Ac. Id/v3/Jpa/Home), 12(2), 186–196.
- Sulistyo, I. T., Pudyaningtyas, A., & Sholeha, V. (2021). Profil Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Kumara Cendekia, 9(3), 156–161.
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- Zega, B. K., & Suprihati, W. (2021). Pengaruh Perkembangan Kognitif Pada Anak. Veritas Lux Mea (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen), 3(1), 17–24.
References
Amanda, L., Yanuar, F., & Devianto, D. (2019). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas tingkat partisipasi politik masyarakat kota Padang. Jurnal Matematika UNAND, 8(1), 179–188.
Apriliani, E. I., Purwanti, K. Y., & Riani, R. W. (2020). Peningkatan kesantunan bahasa anak usia dini melalui media pembelajaran interaktif budaya jawa. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 150–157.
Ariyana, I. K. S. (2022). Pentingnya Membelajarkan Konten Aljabar dan Keterampilan Berpikir Aljabar Untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Pengembangan Matematika, 2(1), 80–92.
Chan, J. Y.-C., & Scalise, N. R. (2022). Numeracy skills mediate the relation between executive function and mathematics achievement in early childhood. Cognitive Development, 62, 101154.
Chen, W. (2024). Problem-Solving Skills, Memory Power, and Early Childhood Mathematics: Understanding the Significance of the Early Childhood Mathematics in an Individual’s Life. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 1–25.
Diana, D., Mansoer, Z., & Syaikhu, A. (2020). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berhitung Permulaan dengan Bermain Ular Tangga. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan STKIP Kusuma Negara III, 47–54.
Douglas, A.-A., & Rittle-Johnson, B. (2024). Parental early math support: The role of parental knowledge about early math development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 66, 124–134.
Eriza, D. F., & Hadi, M. S. (2023). Efektifitas project based learning (PjBL) sebagai bentuk implementasi kurikulum merdeka dalam pembelajaran matematika. SUPERMAT: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 7(1), 106–116.
Fennel, F. (2006). Curriculum Focal Points for Pre-K-Grade 8 Mathematics: A Quest for Coherence. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Gashaj, V., Thaqi, Q., Mast, F. W., & Roebers, C. M. (2023). Foundations for future math achievement: Early numeracy, home learning environment, and the absence of math anxiety. Trends in Neuroscience and Education, 100217.
Hasanah, P. M., Martati, B., & Rahayu, A. P. (2021). Analisis Faktor Penyebab Kesulitan Berhitung Permulaan Pada Anak Usia 4-5Tahun Di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 14 Surabaya. Pedagogi: Jurnal Anak Usia Dini Dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 7(1), 116–129.
Hewi, L., & Shaleh, M. (2020). Refleksi hasil PISA (the programme for international student assesment): Upaya perbaikan bertumpu pada pendidikan anak usia dini. Jurnal Golden Age, 4(01), 30–41.
Indriani, U. (2021). Keefektifan penggunaan media pembelajaran Power Point terhadap kemampuan matematika permulaan anak usia 5-6 tahun. https://doi.org/http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/33426
Juniati, W., & Hazizah, N. (2020). Pengaruh permainan sorting color dalam meningkatkan kemampuan klasifikasi pra-matematika di taman kanak-kanak islam budi mulia. Jurnal Golden Age, 4(01), 143–151.
Miller, P., Betancur, L., Coulanges, L., Kammerzell, J., Libertus, M., Bachman, H. J., & Votruba-Drzal, E. (2022). Time spent playing predicts early reading and math skills through associations with self-regulation. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 83, 101470.
Mulyati, R., Herminastiti, R., & Malik, H. A. (2021). Upaya meningkatkan kemampuan matematika permulaan melalui media papan literasi air. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan STKIP Kusuma Negara III, 33–38.
Niklas, F., & Tayler, C. (2018). Room quality and composition matters: Children’s verbal and numeracy abilities in Australian early childhood settings. Learning and Instruction, 54, 114–124.
Nurmaliza, A. (2023). Efektivitas Penggunaan Video Animasi Terhadap Kemampuan Matematika Awal Anak Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Mawar Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. JCE (Journal of Childhood Education), 7(1), 10–18.
Retnaningrum, W., & Umam, N. (2021). Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Mencari Huruf. Jurnal Tawadhu, 5(1), 25–34.
Safitri, H., & Yaswinda, Y. (2023). Pengaruh Media Labirin Geometri Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Matematika Permulaan Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Di Taman Kanak-Kanak. Pelangi: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 5(1), 22–37.
Subasman, I., & Aliyyah, R. R. (2024). DESAIN KUESIONER PENELITIAN. Penerbit Widina.
Sugiyono, S. (2018). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Sulistiyaningsih, S. (2023). Penerapan pembelajaran numerasi di TK IT Bhakti Insani. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak (WEBSITE INI SUDAH BERMIGRASI KE WEBSITE YANG BARU==> Https://Journal. Uny. Ac. Id/v3/Jpa/Home), 12(2), 186–196.
Sulistyo, I. T., Pudyaningtyas, A., & Sholeha, V. (2021). Profil Kemampuan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Kumara Cendekia, 9(3), 156–161.
Sulistyo, L., & Dwidayati, N. K. (2021). Literasi matematika Indonesia perlu bercermin literasi matematika Cina: Tinjauan literatur. Prisma, Prosiding Seminar Nasional Matematika, 4, 282–288.
Widodo, S. A. (2018). Selection of Learning Media Mathematics for Junior School Students. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET, 17(1), 154–160.
Zega, B. K., & Suprihati, W. (2021). Pengaruh Perkembangan Kognitif Pada Anak. Veritas Lux Mea (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen), 3(1), 17–24.