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Abstract
The utilization of the Balinese language among young children is an essential aspect to consider as it pertains to their ability to effectively engage with their surroundings. This qualitative investigation aims to identify the factors that impact the utilization of Balinese during early childhood. The study's participants consisted of five parents and two teachers of children in Group B2. The research method relied on interviews and documentation records, and the data were analyzed using taxonomic analysis. The findings of the study reveal that there are three primary factors that affect the use of Balinese in early childhood, which include language acquisition, language environment, and language learning. The environment, especially the family setting, plays the most crucial role in Balinese language usage. This research uncovered that children who belong to a specific caste and those who reside in suburban environments tend to utilize Balinese more frequently. The environment where children interact holds a significant impact on their chances of gaining experience in using Balinese.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ni Gusti Ayu Made Yeni Lestari, I Gusti Lanang Agung Wiranata

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References
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References
Al-Harbi, S. S. (2019). Language development and acquisition in early childhood. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 14(1), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v14i1.14209
Aljumah, F. H. (2020). Second Language Acquisition: A Framework and Historical Background on Its Research. English Language Teaching, 13(8), 200. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n8p200
Belsky, J., & De Haan, M. (2011). Annual Research Review: Parenting and Children’s Brain Development: The End of the Beginning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 52(4), 409–428. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02281.x
Boons, T., De Raeve, L., Langereis, M., Peeraer, L., Wouters, J., & van Wieringen, A. (2013). Expressive Vocabulary, Morphology, Syntax and Narrative Skills in Profoundly Deaf Children After Early Cochlear Implantation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(6), 2008–2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.003
Brown, L., & Park, M. Y. (2020). Culture in language learning and teaching. Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language: Theories and Practices, 5(1), 81–108. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429244384-5
Cho, Y. M. Y. (2020). Teaching Korean as a foreign language: Theories and practices. Taylor and Francis.
Deng, T., Hu, B. Y., Wang, X. C., Li, Y., Jiang, C., Su, Y., & LoCasale-Crouch, J. (2023). Chinese Preschool Teachers’ Use of Concept Development Strategies in Whole-Group Math Lessons and its Effectiveness. Early Education and Development, 34(3), 685–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2022.2067428
Halle, T. G., & Darling-Churchill, K. E. (2016). Review of Measures of Social and Emotional Development. J Appl Dev Psychol, 45.
Kapengut, D., & Noble, K. G. (2020). Parental language and learning directed to the young child. Future of Children, 30(2), 71–92.
Kormos, J., & Csizér, K. (2007). An interview study of inter-cultural contact and its role in language learning in a foreign language environment. System, 35(2), 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2006.10.010
Lederberg, A. R., Schick, B., & Spencer, P. E. (2013). Language and Literacy Development of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children: Successes and Challenges. Developmental Psychology, 49(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029558
Mehmet, U., & Emel, T. B. (2020). Relationship between school, family and environment, according to school principals views. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(3), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2019.3872
O’Grady, W., & Hattori, R. (2016). Language acquisition and language revitalization. Language Documentation and Conservation, 10(2016), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.125/24686/ogrady
Payne Grover, A. C., Andrea Angel, W. L., & Whitehurst, G. J. (1994). The Role of Home Literacy Environment in the Development of Language Ability in Preschool Children from Low-income Families. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 9, 427–440. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5731ee0840261d67c7155483/t/576c5fdd59cc68e22a30e0b0/1466720224665/Payne+and+Whitehurse_The+role+of+home+literacy+environment+in+the+development+of+language+ability+in+preschool+children+from+low-income+homes_1994.pdf
Rubtsov, V. V., & Ulanovskaya, I. M. (2022). The Influence of Ways of Organizing Learning Interactions on the Development of Communicative and Reflexive Abilities of Children 6—10 Years Old. Psychological Science and Education, 27(1).
Sahelehkheirabadi. (2015). Effects Mother Tongue Language on Learning Second Language Learners Elementary School. IMPACT: International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature, 3(7), 81–88.
Saville-Troike, M. (2006). Introducing Second Language Acquisition (Vol. 1999, Issue December). Cambridge University Press.
Shur, S. E., & Zuckerman, G. A. (2022). Child-Adult Interaction: Orientation of Children’s Initiative. Psychological Science and Education, 27(1).
Solgi, F., & Tafazoli, D. (2018). The Necessity of Teaching Culture in English as a Foreign Language Course: Iranian Perspective. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(3), 1–11. www.jlls.org
Sun, H., Ng, S. C., O’Brien, B. A., & Fritzsche, T. (2020). Child, family, and school factors in bilingual preschoolers’ vocabulary development in heritage languages. Journal of Child Language, 47(4), 817–843. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000919000904
Sun, H., Steinkrauss, R., Wieling, M., & de Bot, K. (2018). Individual differences in very young Chinese children’s English vocabulary breadth and semantic depth: internal and external factors. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 21(4), 405–425. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1178706
Turan, F., & Ulutas, I. (2016). Using Storybooks as a Character Education Tools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(15), 169–176. www.iiste.org
Wedin, Å., Rosén, J., & Straszer, B. (2021). Multi-Layered Language Policy and Translanguaging Space a Mother Tongue Classroom in Primary School in Sweden. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 13(5), 699–711. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2021.222
Wong, L., Sing-chai, C., & Poh-Aw, G. (2017). Seamless Language Learning: Second Language Learning with Social Media / Aprendizaje de idiomas “sin consturas”: Aprendizaje de segundas lenguas y redes sociales. Comunicar, 25(50), 9–21. https://doi.org/10.3916/C50-2017-01
Zahra, P., Yusooff, F., & Hasim, M. S. (2013). Effectiveness of Training Creativity on Preschool Students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 102, 643–647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.782