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Abstract
The limited availability of reading materials that align with early childhood literacy development and are culturally contextual presents a significant challenge in educational processes rooted in local values. Most A1-level books currently in circulation do not adequately represent children's cultural experiences in their daily lives, thereby risking a disconnect between the world of reading and the child's reality. This study aims to design an initial prototype of an A1-level children's storybook that integrates local cultural values as an initial effort to provide educational, contextual, and culturally grounded literacy materials. A qualitative research approach was employed using the design-based research (DBR) method in its preliminary stage. It involved a needs assessment through curriculum document analysis, interviews with educators, and a review of local cultural literature as the basis for developing story scripts, selecting diction, and supporting illustrations. This phase resulted in a prototype design of a children's storybook featuring simple language structures, contextual illustrations, and narratives that highlight characters, traditions, and the child's surrounding cultural environment. The novelty of this research lies in the development of a literacy medium prototype that not only aims to enhance early childhood literacy skills but also intentionally integrates character-building values that are socio-culturally contextualized. This distinguishes the study from prior works, which predominantly focused on cognitive aspects of literacy without explicitly addressing the incorporation of character education and local cultural relevance. Thus, this research offers an innovative contribution by proposing a holistic and context-sensitive literacy learning medium, which can serve as a model for fostering literacy education that is attuned to the developmental needs of young children within the framework of local cultural values.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ari Putra, Retno Dwi Lestari, Mohd Afifi Bin Bahurudin Setambah, Gumpanat Boriboon

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References
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- Belcher, D. L. (2023). Quality in Early Childhood Education: Parent, Child, and Teacher Insight. The University of Toledo.
- Buehler, K., Corriston, K., Franz, E., Holland, M., Marchesani, A., O’Brien, M., & McKenna, M. K. (2016). Early childhood education. In College Student Voices on Educational Reform: Challenging and Changing Conversations. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137351845
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- Euler, D., & Sloane, P. F. E. (2014). Design-based research. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart.
- Gallo, J., & Beckman, P. (2016). A global view of rural education: Teacher preparation, recruitment, and retention. In Global education review. ger.mercy.edu. https://ger.mercy.edu/index.php/ger/article/view/249/163
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- Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
- Wertsch, J. V, & Sohmer, R. (1995). Vygotsky on learning and development. Human Development, 38(6), 332–337.
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References
Alexander, C., Andrew, M., Boswell, D., Braham, P., Calderwood, D., Cooper, J., Feras, M., Hall, S., Hamüton, P., & Morley, D. (n.d.). Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices.
Anderson, T., & Shattuck, J. (2012). Design-based research: A decade of progress in education research? Educational Researcher, 41(1), 16–25.
Belcher, D. L. (2023). Quality in Early Childhood Education: Parent, Child, and Teacher Insight. The University of Toledo.
Buehler, K., Corriston, K., Franz, E., Holland, M., Marchesani, A., O’Brien, M., & McKenna, M. K. (2016). Early childhood education. In College Student Voices on Educational Reform: Challenging and Changing Conversations. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137351845
Christensen, K., & West, R. E. (2017). The development of design-based research. Foundations of Learning and Instructional Design Technology.
Easterday, M. W., Lewis, D. R., & Gerber, E. M. (2014). Design-based research process: Problems, phases, and applications. Boulder, CO: International Society of the Learning Sciences.
Euler, D., & Sloane, P. F. E. (2014). Design-based research. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart.
Gallo, J., & Beckman, P. (2016). A global view of rural education: Teacher preparation, recruitment, and retention. In Global education review. ger.mercy.edu. https://ger.mercy.edu/index.php/ger/article/view/249/163
Gay, G. (2018). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. teachers college press.
Indrawan, I., Subhan, M., Putri, A. A., Royani, I., & Yoerfa, R. (2022). Perkembangan anak usia dini. Penerbit Qiara Media.
Juuti, K., & Lavonen, J. (2006). Design-based research in science education: One step towards methodology. Nordic Studies in Science Education, 2(2), 54–68.
Kintner-Duffy, V. L., Scott-Little, C., & Smith, N. (2022). “I’m gonna teach them all the same way”: teachers’ beliefs about, experiences of, and classroom practices with children of color. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 43(1), 127–147.
Kurnia, R. (2020). A Culturally Relevant Picture Book for Children’s Early Literacy. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 14(11), 16–34.
Lickona, T. (2019). Pendidikan karakter: Panduan lengkap mendidik siswa menjadi pintar & baik. Nusamedia.
McLaughlin, J. L. (2021). Wisdom Influence. In The Oxford Handbook of Wisdom and the Bible (pp. 408–422). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190661267.013.25
Miettinen, R. (2000). The concept of experiential learning and john dewey’s theory of reflective thought and action. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/026013700293458
Nieto, S. (1992). Affirming diversity: The sociopolitical context of multicultural education. ERIC.
Nurgiyantoro, B. (2018). Teori pengkajian fiksi. UGM press.
Nurjanah, A., Riusdi, R., Naimah, N., & Rohimah, Y. (2023). Learning Strategies of Local Cultural Literacy in Early Chidhood. ThufuLA: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Guru Raudhatul Athfal, 11(2), 217.
Piaget, J. (1973). To understand is to invent: The future of education.
Rahmawati, Y. (2012). Pengenalan Budaya Melalui Bercerita untuk Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak, 1(1).
Syofiyanti, D., Handayani, F. F., & Tabi’in, A. (2024). Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini (Ditinjau Dari Beberapa Aspek). CV. DOTPLUS Publisher.
Tilaar, H. A. R., & Mukhlis. (1999). Pendidikan, kebudayaan, dan masyarakat madani Indonesia. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Utami, R. R., Putri, N. I., & Nugraha, C. (2018). Buku pengayaan cerita anak dwi bahasa bermuatan budaya Semarangan: Potensi dan prinsip pengembangannya. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, 6(1), 65–74.
Villegas, A. M., & Lucas, T. (2002). Educating culturally responsive teachers: A coherent approach. Suny Press.
Vygotsky, L. (2011). Interaction between learning and development. Linköpings universitet.
Vygotsky, L. S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university press.
Wertsch, J. V, & Sohmer, R. (1995). Vygotsky on learning and development. Human Development, 38(6), 332–337.
Whitehurst, G. J., & Lonigan, C. J. (1998). Child development and emergent literacy. Child Development, 69(3), 848–872.
Wiyani, N. A. (2014). Psikologi perkembangan anak usia dini. Yogyakarta: Gava Media, 123.