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Abstract
The aims of the study were to compare morphometrics chararcteristic, porportion, total phenolics and profil phenoilic of pulp, seed and peel of avocado (Persea americana, Mill) variety of ijo panjang and ijo bundar. Morphometrics characteristics were measured by using ruler and calipers. Fruit proportions were determined by using digital balance, Total phenolics was analized by Folin-Ciocalteu methods and profil phenolics were analized by using HPLC. The result of the studies found that variety of ijo panjang had longer size, smaller seed diameter and thicker peel than ijo bundar. Seed proportion variety ijo panjang was lower than ijo bundar, but pulp and peel were higher. Total phenolics content of ijo panjang lower in pulp and seed, but higher in peel. Profil phenolics compound in avocado consist of cathechin, hydroxybenzoic acid, flavonol and procyanidin and hydroxycinnamic acid. Phenolics compounds in pulp were higher in ijo panjang variety, except hydroxycinnamic acid. Phenolics compounds in seed was higher in variety of ijo bundar. Phenolics Compounds in peel were hinger in ijo panjang, except hydroxybenzoic acid.
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References
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- Arpaian, M., C.R. Jacman, A. White, J.F. Thomson, and D.S. Slaughter. 2006. Avocado Post Harvest Quality. Proceeding Avacado Research Simposium 2. p. 143-155.
- Arukwe, U., D.S. Amadi, M.K.C. Duru, F.M. Agomuo, A. Adindu, P.C. Odika, K.C. Lele, L. Egejuru dan J. Anudike. 2012. Chemical Composition of Persea Americana leaf, fruit dan seed. IJRRAS 11: 346-349
- Avilan, R.L.A., M.M. Rodriguez and I. Dorantes. 2004. Selection of Avocado Varieties. Agronomy Tropical 44: 593-618.
- Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Tek-nologi. 2000. Alpukat/ Avocad. Kantor Menristek Bidang Penda-yagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Il-mu pengetahuan dan Teknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi. Jakarta.
- Badan Standardisasi Nasional [BSN]. 1992. Syarat Mutu Buah Alpukat SNI 01-3168-1992. Jakarta.
- Departemen Pertanian RI. 2012. Konsumsi Sayuran dan Buah-buahan di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, Departemen Pertanian.
- Direktorat Gizi, Departeman Kesehatan RI. (1992). Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan. Bhratara Karya Aksara. Jakarta.
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- Ganhao, R., M. Estevez, P. Killy, dan D. Morcuende. 2004. Characterization of selected wild mediteranian fruits dan vomparatives efficacy as inhibitor of oxydative reaction in emulsified raw fork burger. J. Agriculture Food Chemistry 58: 8854-8862 .
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- Ikpeme, E.V., , U.B. Ekaluo, O.U. Udensi dan E.E. Ekerette. 2014. Screening fresh anddried Fruits of avocado pear (Persea Americana) for antioxidant activities: an alterna-tive for syntetic antioxidant. J. of Life Sciences Research dan Discovery 1: 19-25.
- Indriani, Y.H., dan E. Suminarsih. 1997. Alpukat. Penebar Swadaya. Ja-karta.
- Kalie, M.B. 1997. Alpukat: Budidaya dan Pemanfaatannya. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
- Mepba, H.D., T.G. Sokari, L. Eboh, E.B. Banigo, dan Kiin-Kabari. 2008. Stabilized Avocado Pastes: Chemical Contents dan Oxidative Changes during Storage. J. The Open Food Sci. 2: 77-84.
- Moeljaningsih. 2008. Tepung Alpukat se-bagai Campuran Tepung Terigu untuk Pembuatan Kue Kering. Be-rita Litbang Industri XXXIX: 16-23
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- Orhevba, B.A. dan A.O. Jinadu. 2011. Determination of Physicochemical Propertiesand Nutritional of Avocado Pear (Persea americana, Mill). Acadaemic Research Inter-national 1(3): 29-38.
- Qing-Yi, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, D. Wang, R.P. Lee, K. Gao, R. Byrns, dan D. Heber. 2009. California hass avocado : Profiling of Carotenoids, Tocopherol, Faty Acid, and Fat Content during Matu-ration from Different Growing Area. J. Agriculture Food Chemistry 57(21): 10408-10413.
- Rismundanar. 1991. Memperbaiki Ling-kungan dengan Bercocok Tanam Jambu Mede dan Alpukat. Sinar Baru. Bandung.
- Rodrigues-Carpena, D. Morcuende, M.J. Danrade, P. Killy, dan W Estevez. 2011. Avocado (Persea ame-ricanaMill) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, andinhibition of lipid, protein oxidation in porcine patties. J. Agricultural dan Food Chemistry 59: 5625-5635.
- Schwartz, M., J. Olaeta, P. Undurraga and P. Costa. 2007. Major Rendement of Avocado Cultivars. Proceeding of the VII World Avocado Cong-ress, Vila Del Mar, Chile.
- Shehata, M.M.S.M. and S.S.A. Soltan. 2013. Effects of Bioactive Components of Kiwi Fruits and Avocado (Seed and Fruits) on Hypercholesterolemic Rats. World Journal of Dairy and Food Sciences 8(1): 82-93.
- Wang, W., T.R. Bostic dan L. Gu. 2010. Antioxidant Activity, Procyanidins and Pigments in Avocado of Different Strain and Cultivars. Food Chemistry 122: 1393-1398.
References
Alothman, M., R. Bhat dan A.A. Karin. 2009. Antioxidant Capacity dan Phenolic Content of Selected Tro-pical Fruits from Malaysia, Ex-tracted with Different Solvents. Food Chemistry. 115: 785-788.
Arpaian, M., C.R. Jacman, A. White, J.F. Thomson, and D.S. Slaughter. 2006. Avocado Post Harvest Quality. Proceeding Avacado Research Simposium 2. p. 143-155.
Arukwe, U., D.S. Amadi, M.K.C. Duru, F.M. Agomuo, A. Adindu, P.C. Odika, K.C. Lele, L. Egejuru dan J. Anudike. 2012. Chemical Composition of Persea Americana leaf, fruit dan seed. IJRRAS 11: 346-349
Avilan, R.L.A., M.M. Rodriguez and I. Dorantes. 2004. Selection of Avocado Varieties. Agronomy Tropical 44: 593-618.
Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Tek-nologi. 2000. Alpukat/ Avocad. Kantor Menristek Bidang Penda-yagunaan dan Pemasyarakatan Il-mu pengetahuan dan Teknologi, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi. Jakarta.
Badan Standardisasi Nasional [BSN]. 1992. Syarat Mutu Buah Alpukat SNI 01-3168-1992. Jakarta.
Departemen Pertanian RI. 2012. Konsumsi Sayuran dan Buah-buahan di Indonesia. Direktorat Jenderal Hortikultura, Departemen Pertanian.
Direktorat Gizi, Departeman Kesehatan RI. (1992). Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan. Bhratara Karya Aksara. Jakarta.
Faller, A.L.K., and , E. Fialho. 2010. Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Organic and Conventional Plant. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 561-568.
Ganhao, R., M. Estevez, P. Killy, dan D. Morcuende. 2004. Characterization of selected wild mediteranian fruits dan vomparatives efficacy as inhibitor of oxydative reaction in emulsified raw fork burger. J. Agriculture Food Chemistry 58: 8854-8862 .
Garcia-Alonso, M., S. Pascual-Teressa, C. Santos-Buelga, dan J.C. Rivas-Gonzalo. 2004. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of fruits. Food Chemistry 84: 13-18.
Ikpeme, E.V., , U.B. Ekaluo, O.U. Udensi dan E.E. Ekerette. 2014. Screening fresh anddried Fruits of avocado pear (Persea Americana) for antioxidant activities: an alterna-tive for syntetic antioxidant. J. of Life Sciences Research dan Discovery 1: 19-25.
Indriani, Y.H., dan E. Suminarsih. 1997. Alpukat. Penebar Swadaya. Ja-karta.
Kalie, M.B. 1997. Alpukat: Budidaya dan Pemanfaatannya. Kanisius. Yogyakarta.
Mepba, H.D., T.G. Sokari, L. Eboh, E.B. Banigo, dan Kiin-Kabari. 2008. Stabilized Avocado Pastes: Chemical Contents dan Oxidative Changes during Storage. J. The Open Food Sci. 2: 77-84.
Moeljaningsih. 2008. Tepung Alpukat se-bagai Campuran Tepung Terigu untuk Pembuatan Kue Kering. Be-rita Litbang Industri XXXIX: 16-23
Mooz, E.D., N.M. Gaino, M.Y.H. Shimano, R.D. Amancio dan M.H.F. Spoto. 2012. Physical and Chemical Charecterization of Pulp Different Varieties of Avocado Targeting Oil Extraction Poten-cial. Cienecia Tecnologia de Alimentos. Campina 32(2): 274-280.
Orhevba, B.A. dan A.O. Jinadu. 2011. Determination of Physicochemical Propertiesand Nutritional of Avocado Pear (Persea americana, Mill). Acadaemic Research Inter-national 1(3): 29-38.
Qing-Yi, L., Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, D. Wang, R.P. Lee, K. Gao, R. Byrns, dan D. Heber. 2009. California hass avocado : Profiling of Carotenoids, Tocopherol, Faty Acid, and Fat Content during Matu-ration from Different Growing Area. J. Agriculture Food Chemistry 57(21): 10408-10413.
Rismundanar. 1991. Memperbaiki Ling-kungan dengan Bercocok Tanam Jambu Mede dan Alpukat. Sinar Baru. Bandung.
Rodrigues-Carpena, D. Morcuende, M.J. Danrade, P. Killy, dan W Estevez. 2011. Avocado (Persea ame-ricanaMill) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, andinhibition of lipid, protein oxidation in porcine patties. J. Agricultural dan Food Chemistry 59: 5625-5635.
Schwartz, M., J. Olaeta, P. Undurraga and P. Costa. 2007. Major Rendement of Avocado Cultivars. Proceeding of the VII World Avocado Cong-ress, Vila Del Mar, Chile.
Shehata, M.M.S.M. and S.S.A. Soltan. 2013. Effects of Bioactive Components of Kiwi Fruits and Avocado (Seed and Fruits) on Hypercholesterolemic Rats. World Journal of Dairy and Food Sciences 8(1): 82-93.
Wang, W., T.R. Bostic dan L. Gu. 2010. Antioxidant Activity, Procyanidins and Pigments in Avocado of Different Strain and Cultivars. Food Chemistry 122: 1393-1398.