Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the post-weaning growth of Boer and Boer cross goats in a closed breeding farm population. A total of 1,083 female kids were selected from a record of 1,501 weaned kids produced by mating Boer bucks with Boer does, Jawarandu does, and Boer × Jawarandu does. The data collected at a private company's goat farm represent a closed breeding population from January 2013 to January 2016. The data were selected based on the weaning weight and at least one post-weaning weight at approximately 6, 9, or 12 months. Two-step linear models were applied: complete model and reduced model. The complete model factors included genetic group, buck, litter size, birth season, weaning season-year, and their interactions. The reduced model included only significant factors and two-way interactions. The results showed that the genetic group, bucks, litter size, birth season, and weaning season-year significantly affected Boer and Boer cross goats' post-weaning weight and average daily gain. Additionally, interactions between the genetic group with the buck, litter size, and birth season were observed. In conclusion, genetic and non-genetic factors significantly influence the post-weaning growth of Boer and Boer cross goats. Non-genetic factors should be considered in the model and selection to achieve optimal goat performance.
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References
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- Bolacali, M., Y. Öztürk, O. Yilmaz, M. Küçük, and M.A. Karsli. 2017. Effect of genotype and non-genetic factors on growth traits and survival rates in Turkish indigenous Hair goats and their first cross with Boer bucks. Indian J. Anim. Res. 51: 975–981.
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- Fitsum, M., B. Weldegebriall, B. Weldemariam, B. Haile, D. Gmichael, B. Teklay, T. Nirayo, and A. Kidane. 2019. Comparative performance of pure local, cross Boer-Abergelle F1 and F2 goats in selected Weredas in the central zone of Tigray. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 31: 1–7.
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- Ginting, S.P., and F. Mahmilia. 2008. Kambing “Boerka”: Kambing Tipe Pedaging Hasil Persilangan Boer x Kacang. Wartazoa 18: 115–126.
- Girma, M., S. Getachew, A. Tera, D. Getaneh, and T. Birhanu. 2016. Participatory on Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of 25 % Crossbred ( Boer x Woyito-Guji ) Goats in Benatsemay District of. J. Biol. Agric. Healthc. 6: 41–45.
- Jasmine, A.J., U. Sarkar, M. Roy, and S. Datta. 2022. Influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on growth performance in Black Bengal goats under field condition in West Bengal. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 92: 1194–1198.
- Khadda, B.S., B. Singh, D. V. Singh, S.K. Singh, C.B. Singh, J.L. Singh, and J. Palod. 2019. Growth performance of Pantja goats under field conditions in their home tract. Indian J. Anim. Res. 53: 264–269.
- Khanal, P., M.L. Leite-Browning, and R. Browning. 2019. Influence of crossbreeding on meat goat doe fitness when comparing Boer F 1 with base breeds in the Southeastern United States. J. Anim. Sci. 97: 78–89.
- Kugonza, D.R., K.J. Stalder, and M.F. Rothschild. 2014. Effects of buck and doe size on the growth performance and survival of their progeny. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 26: 6–11.
- Leroy, G., R. Baumung, P. Boettcher, B. Scherf, and I. Hoffmann. 2016. Review: Sustainability of crossbreeding in developing countries; definitely not like crossing a meadow... Animal 10: 262–273.
- Mendiburu, F. De. 2023. Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research.
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- Nugroho, T., A. Nurhidayati, N. Widyas, and S. Prastowo. 2021. Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 902: 012001.
- Ofori, S.A., and J.K. Hagan. 2020. Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing the performance of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat kept at the Kintampo Goat Breeding Station of Ghana. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52: 2577–2584.
- Patil, B.S., S.T. Pachhpute, S.A. Dhage, and S.H. Mane. 2020. Effect of Sire on Growth Performace of Sangamneri Goats Under Field Condition. J. Agric. Res. Technol. 41: 124–132.
- Prastowo, S., Y.R. Nurhayat, I.F.I. Widowati, T. Nugroho, and N. Widyas. 2019. Telaah potensi hybrid vigor sifat bobot badan pada silangan kambing Boer dan Jawarandu. J. Ilmu-Ilmu Peternak. 29: 65–74.
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- Sarma, L., N. Nahardeka, R.N. Goswami, A. Aziz, G. Zaman, A. Das, and F. Akhtar. 2019. Non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning growth and morphometric traits in Assam Hill goat. Vet. World 12: 1327–1331.
- Shrestha, J.N.B., and M.H. Fahmy. 2005. Breeding goats for meat production : a review 1 . Genetic resources , management and breed evaluation. Small Rumin. Res. 58: 93–106.
- Singh, M.K., S.K. Singh, M.S. Dige, and A. Kumar. 2021. Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting first parity growth, reproductive and lactation traits in Barbari goats under semi-intensive management in semi-arid region of India. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 91: 128–136.
- de Souza, J.E.R., J. Ferreira, I. Del Pilar Solar Diaz, R.M.F. Silveira, and W.H. de Sousa. 2022. Comparison of different models for the estimation of genetic parameters in tropical goats. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 54.
- Teklebrhan, T. 2018. Growth performance of crossbred kids (Boer X indigenous goat breeds). J. Agric. Environ. Int. Dev. 112: 101–107.
- Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, T. Getachew, D. Kebede, B. Deribe, M. Taye, M. Tilahun, M. Lakew, A. Kefale, N. Belayneh, A. Zegeye, and L. Yizengaw. 2020a. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and Kleiber ratios in Boer x Central Highland goat. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52: 3195–3205.
- Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, D. Kebede, T. Getachew, B. Deribe, M. Taye, M. Tilahun, A. Kefale, A. Zegeye, N. Belayneh, and L. Yizengaw. 2020b. Genetic analysis of survival potential of Boer x Central Highland goats under semi-intensive management. Small Rumin. Res. 193: 106253.
- Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, D. Kebede, T. Getachew, B. Deribe, M. Tilahun, A. Kefale, M. Lakew, A. Zegeye, N. Belayneh, L. Yizengaw, M. Shibeshi, S. Tiruneh, G. Worku, S. Kiros, and M. Bishaw. 2021. Evaluation of growth and efficiency-related traits of different levels of Boer x Central Highland crossbred goats. Heliyon 7: e08184.
- Widyas, N., T. Nugroho, A. Ratriyanto, and S. Prastowo. 2021. Crossbreeding strategy evaluation between Boer and local Indonesian goat based on pre-weaning traits. Int. J. Agric. Technol. 17: 2461–2472.
- Widyas, N., S. Prastowo, T. Nugroho, and A. Ratriyanto. 2019. Conventional and Mixed Model Approach to Estimate Heterosis of the Growth Traits in Boer Goat ’ s Crossbred Offspring Populations. Carakatani J. Sustain. Agric. 34: 55–60.
References
Adhianto, K., S.I. Lenanto, A. Dakhlan, and M.D.I. Hamdani. 2022. Genetic and Phenotypic Correlation of Weaning and Yearling Weight of Female Saburai Goats in Sumberejo District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 10: 421–426.
BMKG. 2020. Pemutakhiran Zona Musim Indonesia Periode 1991-2020. Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Jakarta.
Bolacali, M., Y. Öztürk, O. Yilmaz, M. Küçük, and M.A. Karsli. 2017. Effect of genotype and non-genetic factors on growth traits and survival rates in Turkish indigenous Hair goats and their first cross with Boer bucks. Indian J. Anim. Res. 51: 975–981.
Deribe, B., M. Tilahun, M. Lakew, N. Belayneh, A. Zegeye, M. Walle, D. Ayichew, S.T. Ali, and S. Abriham. 2015. On station growth performance of crossbred goats (Boer X central highland) at Sirinka, Ethiopia. Asian J. Anim. Sci. 9: 454–459.
Fitsum, M., B. Weldegebriall, B. Weldemariam, B. Haile, D. Gmichael, B. Teklay, T. Nirayo, and A. Kidane. 2019. Comparative performance of pure local, cross Boer-Abergelle F1 and F2 goats in selected Weredas in the central zone of Tigray. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 31: 1–7.
Gautam, L., R.A.K. Nagda, and H.A. Waiz. 2010. Growth Modeling and Genetic Analysis on Growth Traits of Sirohi Goat under Field Conditions. Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 9: 115–124.
Ginting, S.P., and F. Mahmilia. 2008. Kambing “Boerka”: Kambing Tipe Pedaging Hasil Persilangan Boer x Kacang. Wartazoa 18: 115–126.
Girma, M., S. Getachew, A. Tera, D. Getaneh, and T. Birhanu. 2016. Participatory on Farm Evaluation and Demonstration of 25 % Crossbred ( Boer x Woyito-Guji ) Goats in Benatsemay District of. J. Biol. Agric. Healthc. 6: 41–45.
Jasmine, A.J., U. Sarkar, M. Roy, and S. Datta. 2022. Influence of genetic and non-genetic factors on growth performance in Black Bengal goats under field condition in West Bengal. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 92: 1194–1198.
Khadda, B.S., B. Singh, D. V. Singh, S.K. Singh, C.B. Singh, J.L. Singh, and J. Palod. 2019. Growth performance of Pantja goats under field conditions in their home tract. Indian J. Anim. Res. 53: 264–269.
Khanal, P., M.L. Leite-Browning, and R. Browning. 2019. Influence of crossbreeding on meat goat doe fitness when comparing Boer F 1 with base breeds in the Southeastern United States. J. Anim. Sci. 97: 78–89.
Kugonza, D.R., K.J. Stalder, and M.F. Rothschild. 2014. Effects of buck and doe size on the growth performance and survival of their progeny. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 26: 6–11.
Leroy, G., R. Baumung, P. Boettcher, B. Scherf, and I. Hoffmann. 2016. Review: Sustainability of crossbreeding in developing countries; definitely not like crossing a meadow... Animal 10: 262–273.
Mendiburu, F. De. 2023. Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research.
Mustefa, A., S. Gizaw, S. Banerjee, A. Abebe, M. Taye, A. Areaya, and S. Besufekad. 2019. Growth performance of Boer goats and their F1 and F2 crosses and backcrosses with Central Highland goats in Ethiopia. Livest. Res. Rural Dev. 31: 1–13.
Nugroho, T., A. Nurhidayati, A.I. Ayuningtyas, C. Kustiyani, S. Prastowo, and N. Widyas. 2018. Birth and weaning weight of kids from different Boer goat crosses. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 142: 012010.
Nugroho, T., A. Nurhidayati, N. Widyas, and S. Prastowo. 2021. Dam effect confirmation on weaning weight of Boer Goat crosses in Indonesia. IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci. 902: 012001.
Ofori, S.A., and J.K. Hagan. 2020. Genetic and non-genetic factors influencing the performance of the West African Dwarf (WAD) goat kept at the Kintampo Goat Breeding Station of Ghana. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52: 2577–2584.
Patil, B.S., S.T. Pachhpute, S.A. Dhage, and S.H. Mane. 2020. Effect of Sire on Growth Performace of Sangamneri Goats Under Field Condition. J. Agric. Res. Technol. 41: 124–132.
Prastowo, S., Y.R. Nurhayat, I.F.I. Widowati, T. Nugroho, and N. Widyas. 2019. Telaah potensi hybrid vigor sifat bobot badan pada silangan kambing Boer dan Jawarandu. J. Ilmu-Ilmu Peternak. 29: 65–74.
Rout, P.K., O. Matika, R. Kaushik, M.S. Dige, G. Dass, M.K. Singh, and S. Bhusan. 2018. Genetic analysis of growth parameters and survival potential of Jamunapari goats in semiarid tropics. Small Rumin. Res. 165: 124–130.
Sarma, L., N. Nahardeka, R.N. Goswami, A. Aziz, G. Zaman, A. Das, and F. Akhtar. 2019. Non-genetic factors affecting pre-weaning growth and morphometric traits in Assam Hill goat. Vet. World 12: 1327–1331.
Shrestha, J.N.B., and M.H. Fahmy. 2005. Breeding goats for meat production : a review 1 . Genetic resources , management and breed evaluation. Small Rumin. Res. 58: 93–106.
Singh, M.K., S.K. Singh, M.S. Dige, and A. Kumar. 2021. Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting first parity growth, reproductive and lactation traits in Barbari goats under semi-intensive management in semi-arid region of India. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 91: 128–136.
de Souza, J.E.R., J. Ferreira, I. Del Pilar Solar Diaz, R.M.F. Silveira, and W.H. de Sousa. 2022. Comparison of different models for the estimation of genetic parameters in tropical goats. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 54.
Teklebrhan, T. 2018. Growth performance of crossbred kids (Boer X indigenous goat breeds). J. Agric. Environ. Int. Dev. 112: 101–107.
Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, T. Getachew, D. Kebede, B. Deribe, M. Taye, M. Tilahun, M. Lakew, A. Kefale, N. Belayneh, A. Zegeye, and L. Yizengaw. 2020a. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits and Kleiber ratios in Boer x Central Highland goat. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 52: 3195–3205.
Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, D. Kebede, T. Getachew, B. Deribe, M. Taye, M. Tilahun, A. Kefale, A. Zegeye, N. Belayneh, and L. Yizengaw. 2020b. Genetic analysis of survival potential of Boer x Central Highland goats under semi-intensive management. Small Rumin. Res. 193: 106253.
Tesema, Z., K. Alemayehu, D. Kebede, T. Getachew, B. Deribe, M. Tilahun, A. Kefale, M. Lakew, A. Zegeye, N. Belayneh, L. Yizengaw, M. Shibeshi, S. Tiruneh, G. Worku, S. Kiros, and M. Bishaw. 2021. Evaluation of growth and efficiency-related traits of different levels of Boer x Central Highland crossbred goats. Heliyon 7: e08184.
Widyas, N., T. Nugroho, A. Ratriyanto, and S. Prastowo. 2021. Crossbreeding strategy evaluation between Boer and local Indonesian goat based on pre-weaning traits. Int. J. Agric. Technol. 17: 2461–2472.
Widyas, N., S. Prastowo, T. Nugroho, and A. Ratriyanto. 2019. Conventional and Mixed Model Approach to Estimate Heterosis of the Growth Traits in Boer Goat ’ s Crossbred Offspring Populations. Carakatani J. Sustain. Agric. 34: 55–60.