Main Article Content
Abstract
Small dairy farms in tropical regions frequently encounter feed shortages and quality fluctuations between seasons, which can substantially affect milk production. This research aimed to evaluate the ability of small-scale dairy farms to adapt to and manage feed fluctuations in response to seasonal changes. The research employed an exploratory design, with samples collected using nested sampling methods. Three samples were collected according to the season, specifically during the dry season (August 2024) and the rainy season (January 2025), from the Cepogo and Selo Subdistricts in Boyolali. Feed samples collection was conducted in five stages: 1) desk study of the research area; 2) field visiting; 3) feed samples; 4) forage samples collection; and 5) feed analysis using proximate analysis (AOAC, 2005). The results showed differences in feeding management among farmers related to their dairy animal structures. The highest dry matter content in the forage was found in rice straw (60.4% DM), which dominated dry season use, while the highest crude protein content was observed in calliandra (23.5%) among the forages. Five coproducts have high dry matter content with varying crude protein and crude fibre levels. The research concluded that small-sized dairy farms can adapt and manage feed fluctuations based on seasonal changes by making forage and concentrate choices available.
Keywords
feedstuff
forage availability
nutrient quality
season changes
small-sized dairy farms
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How to Cite
Kumalasari, N. R., Suharti, S., Zahra, W. A., Rosmalia, A., Permana, I. G., & Sunardi, S. (2025). Seasonal Adaptation in Feed Management: Assessing Forage and Feedstuff Variations in Small-Sized Dairy Farms in Boyolali, Central Java. Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 20(2), 111–116. https://doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.20.2.111-116
References
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Abdelghany, S., H.M. Ebeid, A.A. Aboamer, M.A. Radwan, and R. Agamy. 2022. Developing Feeding Management Assessment Protocol at Small Scale Dairy Herds in Egypt. Advance Animal Veterinary Science. 10 (12): 2476-2492. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.12.2476.2492
Al Zahra, W., A. Saefuddin, and L. Abdullah. 2015. Potential Ecology Suitability Distribution of Forage Availability for Dairy Cattle. Case study: Lembang District Area, West Java. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan. 3 (1): 21-26.
Dewi, S., Adrizal, and Andasuryani. 2021. Estimation of Dry Material and Crude Fiber Content of Rice Bran Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based on NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) Absorbance Data. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science. 8 (5): 17-25.
Hakim, A., T. F. Rayani, D. Firmansyah, and Sulasih. 2023. Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Elephant Grass, Pakchong Grass, Red Navier Grass and Odot Grass as a Source of Animal Feed. ICAS 2023. E3S Web of Conferences 454 (02021): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345402021
Hendriyanto, E.O., A. Yani, and L. Cyrilla. 2021. The Potential of Dairy Farm Development in Coastal Area, Bangka Botanical Garden, Pangkalpinang, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 756: 012048. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/756/1/012048
Jahroh, J., J. Atmakusuma, Harmini, and A. Fadillah. 2020. Comparative Analysis of Dairy Farming Management and Business Model Between East Java And West Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis 17(1): 96-107. DOI:10.17358/jma.17.1.96
Kamid, R.A., L. Khotijah, and N.R. Kumalasari. 2024. Analisis Keragaman Kualitas Nutrien Berbagai Pakan Ruminansia di Wilayah Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan. 22 (1): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.22.1.14-22
Kumalasari, N.R., I.G. Permana, Despal, M. Baihaqi, and E. Lessa. 2019. A Field Investigation of Forage Composition, Distribution and Supply Pattern in Cattle Farm of East Java and West Java. International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP). 7: 125-129
Kumalasari, N.R., A. Srifani, and M.A. Setiana. 2022. Characterization of Farmer and Forage Supply in a Sheep Smallholder System in West Java, Indonesia. Sriwijaya Journal of Environment. 6 (3): 78-83
Lanyasunya, T.P., H.H. Musa, Z.P. Yang, D.M. Mekki, and E.A. Mukisira. 2005. Effects of Poor Nutrition on Reproduction of Dairy Stock on Smallholder Farms in the Tropics. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 4(2): 117-122. DOI:10.3923/pjn.2005.117.122
Lestari, C.M.S., R. Adiwinarti , M. Arifin, and A. Purnomoadi. 2011. The Performance of Java and Ongole Crossbred Bull under Intensive Feeding Management. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 36(2): 109-113
Myint, A.A., and E.E.W. Muang. 2020. Feeds and Feeding Practices for Dairy Cattle Farming in Selected Areas of Myanmar. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development. 11 (1): 63-68
Onugba, M.A., C.O. Eze, Y.A. Atonu, and U. Alih. 2024. Influence of Fly Ash and Palm Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. Asian Journal of Current Research. 9 (4): 7-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i48845
Rahardjo, R., and M.F. Wadjdi. 2014. Sustainability of Forage Systems in Small Holder Dairy Cattle in The Plateau in East Java. Animal Production 16(3):165-169
Rahmana, A., A. Daryanto, and S. Jaroh. 2018. Sustainability Strategies of Indonesian Mega-Dairy Farm Business: A Case of Greenfields Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis. 15 (2): 162-171. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17358/jma.15.2.162
Rajab, F.A., S. Chuzaemi, and Marjuki. 2020. The Quality of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott) Silage Using Fresh Rumen Content Inokulan and Carbohydrate Source Additives with Different Incubation Time. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science. 5(4): 201-204.
Ridla, M., Firdayanti, E.B. Laconi, and N. Asikin. 2023. Rice Bran Quality Based on Physical Properties and Chemical Composition Estimation in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 33(2): 152-161. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2023.033.02.02
Sarwanto, D., S.E. Tuswati, and Sulistyaningtyas. 2019. The Level of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. mott) to Substitute Indigenous Forage for Goat Feed in Limestone Mountain. The 1st Animal Science and Food Technology Conference (AnSTC). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 372: 012039. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/372/1/012039
Singh, P., S. Sheoran, A.M. Prasad, Tamanna, Neetu, and L. Rath. 2020. Nutritional composition and dietary fiber analysis of rice bran of selected varieties of rice. International Journal of Current Advance Research. 9 (12): 23468-23471. DOI: 10.24327/ijcar.2020.23471.4648
Sunyigono, A.K., S. Subari, and R.A. Saptati. 2024. Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science. 1364: 012049. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012049
Susilorini, T.E., P. Surjowardojo, R.D. Wahyuni, and Suyadi. 2022. Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) Implementation on Smallholder Dairy Farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 32(1): 118 – 129. http://jiip.ub.ac.id
Syafiyullah, R., N.R. Kumalasari, and L. Abdullah. 2019. Produksi dan Kualitas Jerami Padi Sumber Hijauan Pakan dengan Waktu Panen dan Dosis Pupuk Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 19 (3): 85-89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.19.3.85-89
References
Abdelghany, S., H.M. Ebeid, A.A. Aboamer, M.A. Radwan, and R. Agamy. 2022. Developing Feeding Management Assessment Protocol at Small Scale Dairy Herds in Egypt. Advance Animal Veterinary Science. 10 (12): 2476-2492. DOI: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.12.2476.2492
Al Zahra, W., A. Saefuddin, and L. Abdullah. 2015. Potential Ecology Suitability Distribution of Forage Availability for Dairy Cattle. Case study: Lembang District Area, West Java. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan. 3 (1): 21-26.
Dewi, S., Adrizal, and Andasuryani. 2021. Estimation of Dry Material and Crude Fiber Content of Rice Bran Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based on NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) Absorbance Data. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science. 8 (5): 17-25.
Hakim, A., T. F. Rayani, D. Firmansyah, and Sulasih. 2023. Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Elephant Grass, Pakchong Grass, Red Navier Grass and Odot Grass as a Source of Animal Feed. ICAS 2023. E3S Web of Conferences 454 (02021): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345402021
Hendriyanto, E.O., A. Yani, and L. Cyrilla. 2021. The Potential of Dairy Farm Development in Coastal Area, Bangka Botanical Garden, Pangkalpinang, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 756: 012048. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/756/1/012048
Jahroh, J., J. Atmakusuma, Harmini, and A. Fadillah. 2020. Comparative Analysis of Dairy Farming Management and Business Model Between East Java And West Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis 17(1): 96-107. DOI:10.17358/jma.17.1.96
Kamid, R.A., L. Khotijah, and N.R. Kumalasari. 2024. Analisis Keragaman Kualitas Nutrien Berbagai Pakan Ruminansia di Wilayah Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan. 22 (1): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.22.1.14-22
Kumalasari, N.R., I.G. Permana, Despal, M. Baihaqi, and E. Lessa. 2019. A Field Investigation of Forage Composition, Distribution and Supply Pattern in Cattle Farm of East Java and West Java. International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP). 7: 125-129
Kumalasari, N.R., A. Srifani, and M.A. Setiana. 2022. Characterization of Farmer and Forage Supply in a Sheep Smallholder System in West Java, Indonesia. Sriwijaya Journal of Environment. 6 (3): 78-83
Lanyasunya, T.P., H.H. Musa, Z.P. Yang, D.M. Mekki, and E.A. Mukisira. 2005. Effects of Poor Nutrition on Reproduction of Dairy Stock on Smallholder Farms in the Tropics. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 4(2): 117-122. DOI:10.3923/pjn.2005.117.122
Lestari, C.M.S., R. Adiwinarti , M. Arifin, and A. Purnomoadi. 2011. The Performance of Java and Ongole Crossbred Bull under Intensive Feeding Management. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 36(2): 109-113
Myint, A.A., and E.E.W. Muang. 2020. Feeds and Feeding Practices for Dairy Cattle Farming in Selected Areas of Myanmar. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development. 11 (1): 63-68
Onugba, M.A., C.O. Eze, Y.A. Atonu, and U. Alih. 2024. Influence of Fly Ash and Palm Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. Asian Journal of Current Research. 9 (4): 7-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i48845
Rahardjo, R., and M.F. Wadjdi. 2014. Sustainability of Forage Systems in Small Holder Dairy Cattle in The Plateau in East Java. Animal Production 16(3):165-169
Rahmana, A., A. Daryanto, and S. Jaroh. 2018. Sustainability Strategies of Indonesian Mega-Dairy Farm Business: A Case of Greenfields Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis. 15 (2): 162-171. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17358/jma.15.2.162
Rajab, F.A., S. Chuzaemi, and Marjuki. 2020. The Quality of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott) Silage Using Fresh Rumen Content Inokulan and Carbohydrate Source Additives with Different Incubation Time. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science. 5(4): 201-204.
Ridla, M., Firdayanti, E.B. Laconi, and N. Asikin. 2023. Rice Bran Quality Based on Physical Properties and Chemical Composition Estimation in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 33(2): 152-161. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2023.033.02.02
Sarwanto, D., S.E. Tuswati, and Sulistyaningtyas. 2019. The Level of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. mott) to Substitute Indigenous Forage for Goat Feed in Limestone Mountain. The 1st Animal Science and Food Technology Conference (AnSTC). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 372: 012039. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/372/1/012039
Singh, P., S. Sheoran, A.M. Prasad, Tamanna, Neetu, and L. Rath. 2020. Nutritional composition and dietary fiber analysis of rice bran of selected varieties of rice. International Journal of Current Advance Research. 9 (12): 23468-23471. DOI: 10.24327/ijcar.2020.23471.4648
Sunyigono, A.K., S. Subari, and R.A. Saptati. 2024. Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science. 1364: 012049. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012049
Susilorini, T.E., P. Surjowardojo, R.D. Wahyuni, and Suyadi. 2022. Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) Implementation on Smallholder Dairy Farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 32(1): 118 – 129. http://jiip.ub.ac.id
Syafiyullah, R., N.R. Kumalasari, and L. Abdullah. 2019. Produksi dan Kualitas Jerami Padi Sumber Hijauan Pakan dengan Waktu Panen dan Dosis Pupuk Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 19 (3): 85-89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.19.3.85-89
Al Zahra, W., A. Saefuddin, and L. Abdullah. 2015. Potential Ecology Suitability Distribution of Forage Availability for Dairy Cattle. Case study: Lembang District Area, West Java. Jurnal Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Hasil Peternakan. 3 (1): 21-26.
Dewi, S., Adrizal, and Andasuryani. 2021. Estimation of Dry Material and Crude Fiber Content of Rice Bran Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Based on NIRS (Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy) Absorbance Data. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Animal Science. 8 (5): 17-25.
Hakim, A., T. F. Rayani, D. Firmansyah, and Sulasih. 2023. Productivity and Nutrient Quality of Elephant Grass, Pakchong Grass, Red Navier Grass and Odot Grass as a Source of Animal Feed. ICAS 2023. E3S Web of Conferences 454 (02021): 1-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202345402021
Hendriyanto, E.O., A. Yani, and L. Cyrilla. 2021. The Potential of Dairy Farm Development in Coastal Area, Bangka Botanical Garden, Pangkalpinang, Indonesia. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 756: 012048. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/756/1/012048
Jahroh, J., J. Atmakusuma, Harmini, and A. Fadillah. 2020. Comparative Analysis of Dairy Farming Management and Business Model Between East Java And West Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Agribisnis 17(1): 96-107. DOI:10.17358/jma.17.1.96
Kamid, R.A., L. Khotijah, and N.R. Kumalasari. 2024. Analisis Keragaman Kualitas Nutrien Berbagai Pakan Ruminansia di Wilayah Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi Dan Teknologi Pakan. 22 (1): 14-22. https://doi.org/10.29244/jintp.22.1.14-22
Kumalasari, N.R., I.G. Permana, Despal, M. Baihaqi, and E. Lessa. 2019. A Field Investigation of Forage Composition, Distribution and Supply Pattern in Cattle Farm of East Java and West Java. International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production (ISTAP). 7: 125-129
Kumalasari, N.R., A. Srifani, and M.A. Setiana. 2022. Characterization of Farmer and Forage Supply in a Sheep Smallholder System in West Java, Indonesia. Sriwijaya Journal of Environment. 6 (3): 78-83
Lanyasunya, T.P., H.H. Musa, Z.P. Yang, D.M. Mekki, and E.A. Mukisira. 2005. Effects of Poor Nutrition on Reproduction of Dairy Stock on Smallholder Farms in the Tropics. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 4(2): 117-122. DOI:10.3923/pjn.2005.117.122
Lestari, C.M.S., R. Adiwinarti , M. Arifin, and A. Purnomoadi. 2011. The Performance of Java and Ongole Crossbred Bull under Intensive Feeding Management. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture. 36(2): 109-113
Myint, A.A., and E.E.W. Muang. 2020. Feeds and Feeding Practices for Dairy Cattle Farming in Selected Areas of Myanmar. International Journal of Environmental and Rural Development. 11 (1): 63-68
Onugba, M.A., C.O. Eze, Y.A. Atonu, and U. Alih. 2024. Influence of Fly Ash and Palm Fibre on the Mechanical Properties of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks. Asian Journal of Current Research. 9 (4): 7-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i48845
Rahardjo, R., and M.F. Wadjdi. 2014. Sustainability of Forage Systems in Small Holder Dairy Cattle in The Plateau in East Java. Animal Production 16(3):165-169
Rahmana, A., A. Daryanto, and S. Jaroh. 2018. Sustainability Strategies of Indonesian Mega-Dairy Farm Business: A Case of Greenfields Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen & Agribisnis. 15 (2): 162-171. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17358/jma.15.2.162
Rajab, F.A., S. Chuzaemi, and Marjuki. 2020. The Quality of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv.Mott) Silage Using Fresh Rumen Content Inokulan and Carbohydrate Source Additives with Different Incubation Time. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science. 5(4): 201-204.
Ridla, M., Firdayanti, E.B. Laconi, and N. Asikin. 2023. Rice Bran Quality Based on Physical Properties and Chemical Composition Estimation in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan 33(2): 152-161. DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2023.033.02.02
Sarwanto, D., S.E. Tuswati, and Sulistyaningtyas. 2019. The Level of Dwarf Elephant Grass (Pennisetum Purpureum cv. mott) to Substitute Indigenous Forage for Goat Feed in Limestone Mountain. The 1st Animal Science and Food Technology Conference (AnSTC). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 372: 012039. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/372/1/012039
Singh, P., S. Sheoran, A.M. Prasad, Tamanna, Neetu, and L. Rath. 2020. Nutritional composition and dietary fiber analysis of rice bran of selected varieties of rice. International Journal of Current Advance Research. 9 (12): 23468-23471. DOI: 10.24327/ijcar.2020.23471.4648
Sunyigono, A.K., S. Subari, and R.A. Saptati. 2024. Feed Management of Beef Cattle Smallholder Farmer in the Conservation Area of Madura Beef Cattle. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environmental Science. 1364: 012049. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/1364/1/012049
Susilorini, T.E., P. Surjowardojo, R.D. Wahyuni, and Suyadi. 2022. Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) Implementation on Smallholder Dairy Farmers in East Java, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan. 32(1): 118 – 129. http://jiip.ub.ac.id
Syafiyullah, R., N.R. Kumalasari, and L. Abdullah. 2019. Produksi dan Kualitas Jerami Padi Sumber Hijauan Pakan dengan Waktu Panen dan Dosis Pupuk Berbeda. Jurnal Ilmu Nutrisi dan Teknologi Pakan. 19 (3): 85-89. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jintp.19.3.85-89