Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahu efektivitas kulit buah naga merah dan kunyit sebagai pigments feed additiv ke dalam pakan dalam meningkatkan kualitas telur puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, masing-masing menggunakan 8 puyuh. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada saat in vivo (lapang) sebagai berikut : (T0) ransum basal, (T1) T0 + 3% kulit buah naga merah, (T2) T0 + 6% kulit buah naga merah, (T3) T0 + 3% kulit buah naga kuning, (T4) T0 + 6% kulit buah naga kuning, (T5) T0 + 3% kulit buah naga merah + 3% kulit buah naga kuning. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kunyit 6% sangat nyata (P<0.01) meningkatkan berat telur, kuning telur, skor warna kuning telur dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan kombinasi 3% kunyit dan 3% tepung kulit buah naga sangat nyata (P<0.01) meningkatkan warna kuning telur dan menurunkan haught unit. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah penambahan kunyit 6% mampu meningkatkan berat telur, kuning telur, skor warna kuning telur dan kombinasi perlakuan 3% kunyit dan 3% tepung buah naga dapat meningkatkan warna kuning telur dan menurunkan haught unit.
Kata kunci : buah naga, telur, pigmen, kunyit, puyuh.
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References
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- Hincke, M., J. Gautron, A. B. Rodriguez-Navarro, and M. D. McKee. 2011. The eggshell: structure and protective function. Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products: egg chemistry, production and consumption (pp. 151-182).
- Karoui, R., B. De Ketelaere, B. Kemps, F. Bamelis, K. Mertens, and J. De Baerdemaeker. 2009. Chapter 15 - eggs and egg products. Infrared spectroscopy for food quality analysis and control: Di dalam: D-W Sun, editor San Diego, Academic Press. 399-414.
- Keshavarz, K. 2003. Effects of reducing dietary protein, methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 during the late stages of the egg production cycle on performance and eggshell quality. Poult. Sci. 82 (9):1407–1414
- Khan, I. A., Z. M. Mirza, A. Kumar, V. Verma, and G. N. Qazi. 2006. Piperine, a phytochemical potentiator of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 50 (2): 810-812. doi: 10.1128/AAC.50.2.810-812.2006
- Kumar, G. S., H. Nayaka, S. M. Dharmesh, and P.V. Salimath. 2006. Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in Amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Journal of Food Composition. 19 (5): 446-452.
- Hilmi, M., Sumiati. and D. Astutik. 2015. Egg production and physical quality in Cortunix cortunix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38 (3): 150-155.
- Honkatukia, M., M. Tuiskula-Haavisto, J. Arango, J. Tabell, M. Schmutz, R. Preisinger, and J. Vilkki. 2013. QTL mapping of egg albumen quality in egg layers. Genet. Sel. Evol. 45 (1): 31-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-45-31
- Latifa, R. 2007. The increasing of afkir duck’s egg quality with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) hormones. Jurnal Protein. 14 (1) : 21-30.
- Leeson, S. and J. D. Summers. 2009. Commercial poultry nutrition. Ed: 3rd. England, Nottingham University Press. p.198.205.
- Rahmat, A. and E. Kusnandi. 2008. Pengaruh penambahan tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val. ) dalam ransum yang diberi minyak jelantah terhadap performan ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 8 (1): 25 – 30
- Mattjik, A. A dan M. Sumertajaya. 2006. Perancangan percobaan dan aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. Jilid I. Edisi ke 2. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
- Mine, Y. and I. D'Silva. 2008. Bioactive components in egg white, in egg bioscience and biotechnology (ed Y. Mine), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
- Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9780470181249.ch4
- Nolan, J. M., K. A. Meagher, A. N. Howard, R. Moran, D. I. Thurnham, and S. Beatty. 2016. Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin content of eggs laid by hens supplemented with free and esterified xanthophylls. Journal of Nutritional Science. 5. e1. http://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2015.35
- Nugraha, B. A., K. Widayaka, and N. Iriyanti. 2013. Penggunaan berbagai jenis probiotik dalam ransum terhadap haugh unit dan volume telur ayam arab. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan. 1(2): 606 - 612.
- Priyadarsini, K. I. 2014. The Chemistry of Curcumin: From Extraction to Therapeutic Agent. Molecules. 19 (12): 20091-20112; doi:10.3390/molecules191220091
- Rosa, R.A., M. A. Malik, I. G. Prakoso, R. W. Djati, and Y. Purnamawati. 2013. Suplemen pakan berbasis limbah kulit buah naga (Hylocereus undatus) guna menghasilkan telur puyuh yang kaya vitamin A dan rendah kolesterol. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
- Saeid, J. and A. Al-Nasry. 2010. Effect of dietary coriander seeds supplementation on growth performance carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. IJPS. 9 (9):867-870.
- Santos-Bocanegra, E., X. Ospina-Osorio, E. Oviedo-Rondon. 2004. Evaluation of xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes erectus (Marigold flower) and Capsicum Sp.(Red pepper paprika) as a pigment for egg-yolks compare with Synthetic pigments. International Journal of Poultry Science. 3(11):685-689.
- Santoso, V. S. 2009. Efek Penggunaan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah dan Ubi Jalar Ungu terhadap Karakteristik Sensoris dan Perubahan Sifat Fisikokimiawi Marshmallow selama Penyimpanan. Doctoral dissertation. Prodi Teknologi Pangan Unika Soegijapranata.
- Rajkumar, U., R. P. Sharma, K. S. Rajaravindra, M. Niranjan, B. L. N. Reddy, T. K. Bhattacharya, and R. N. Chatterjee. 2009. Effect of Genotype and Age on Egg Quality Traits in Naked Neck Chicken under Tropical Climate from India. International Journal of Poultry Science. 8(12):1151-1155.doi: 10.3923/ijps.2009.1151.1155.
- Tserveni-Goussi, A. and P. Fortomaris. 2011. Production and quality of quail, pheasant, goose and turkey eggs for uses other than human consumption. In Y. Nys, M. Bain & F. V. Immerseel (Eds.), Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products (pp. 509-537): Woodhead Publishing.
- Tuleun, C. and A. Adenkola. 2013. Performance and erythrocyte osmotic membrane stability oflaying japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed varying dietary protein levels in a hot-humid tropics. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 4 (1): 6-13.
- [USDA]. United State Departement of Agriculture National. 2011. Nutrient database for standard reference. United States of America.
- Wahyuni, R. 2011. Pemanfaatan kulit buah naga supermerah (Hylicereus costaricensis) sebagai sumber antioksidan dan pewarna alami pada pembuatan jelly. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan. 2(1) : 68-85.
- Windisch, W., K. Schedle, C. Plitzner, and A. Kroismayr. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci. 86 (14 Suppl), E140-148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459
- Zita, L., E. T?mová, and L. Štolc. 2009. Effects of genotype, age and their interaction on egg quality in brown-egg laying hens. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 78 (1): 85-91.
- Zita, L., Z. Ledvinka, L. Klesalová, Z. Ledvinka, L. Klesalová, and T. Japanese. 2013. The effect of the age of japanese quails on certain egg quality traits and their relationships. Vet. Arhiv. 83 (2): 223- 232.
References
Abdeldaiem, M. H. 2014. Use of yellow pigment extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes powder as natural food preservative. American Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2 (1): 36-47.
Ahmad, N., H. Fazal, B. H. Abbasi, S. Farooq, M. Ali, and M. A. Khan. 2012. Biological role of Piper nigrum L. (Black pepper): A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2 (3, Supplement) : S1945-S1953. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60524-3
Amo, M., J. L. P. Saerang, and M. Najoan. 2013. Pengaruh penambahan tepung kunyit dalam ransum terhadap kualitas telur puyuh. Zootek. 33:48-57.
[PBS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Populasi ternak yang dipelihara oleh rumah tangga usaha peternakan sesuai jenis ternak yang diusahakan menurut wilayah dan jenis ternak. www.bps.go.id. Jakarta.
Darmawan, A., K. G. Wiryawan, and S. Sumiati. 2013. Egg production and quality of magelang duck fed diets containing different ratio of omega 3 : omega 6 and organic Zn. Media Peternakan. 36(3):197-202. doi: 10.5398/medpet.2013.36.3.197
[Ditjennak] Direktoral Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan. 2016. Populasi peternakan menurut provinsi. Jakarta.
Dunn, I. 2011. 11 - Poultry breeding for egg quality: traditional and modern genetic approaches. In Y. Nys, M. Bain & F. V. Immerseel (Eds.), improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products (pp. 245-260): Woodhead Publishing.
Handayani, P. A. dan A. Rahmawati. 2012. Pemanfaatan kulit buah naga (dragon fruit) sebagai pewarna alami makanan pengganti pewarna sintetis. Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan. 1(2) : 19-24.
Hammershoj, M., U. Kidmose, and S. Steenfeldt. 2010. Deposition of carotenoids in egg yolk by short-term supplement of coloured carrot (Daucus carota) varieties as forage material for egg laying hens. J Sci Food Agric. 90 (7):1163-1171. doi:10.1002/jsfa.3937.
Hincke, M., J. Gautron, A. B. Rodriguez-Navarro, and M. D. McKee. 2011. The eggshell: structure and protective function. Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products: egg chemistry, production and consumption (pp. 151-182).
Karoui, R., B. De Ketelaere, B. Kemps, F. Bamelis, K. Mertens, and J. De Baerdemaeker. 2009. Chapter 15 - eggs and egg products. Infrared spectroscopy for food quality analysis and control: Di dalam: D-W Sun, editor San Diego, Academic Press. 399-414.
Keshavarz, K. 2003. Effects of reducing dietary protein, methionine, choline, folic acid, and vitamin B12 during the late stages of the egg production cycle on performance and eggshell quality. Poult. Sci. 82 (9):1407–1414
Khan, I. A., Z. M. Mirza, A. Kumar, V. Verma, and G. N. Qazi. 2006. Piperine, a phytochemical potentiator of ciprofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 50 (2): 810-812. doi: 10.1128/AAC.50.2.810-812.2006
Kumar, G. S., H. Nayaka, S. M. Dharmesh, and P.V. Salimath. 2006. Free and bound phenolic antioxidants in Amla (Emblica officinalis) and turmeric (Curcuma longa). Journal of Food Composition. 19 (5): 446-452.
Hilmi, M., Sumiati. and D. Astutik. 2015. Egg production and physical quality in Cortunix cortunix japonica fed diet containing piperine as phytogenic feed additive. Media Peternakan. 38 (3): 150-155.
Honkatukia, M., M. Tuiskula-Haavisto, J. Arango, J. Tabell, M. Schmutz, R. Preisinger, and J. Vilkki. 2013. QTL mapping of egg albumen quality in egg layers. Genet. Sel. Evol. 45 (1): 31-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-45-31
Latifa, R. 2007. The increasing of afkir duck’s egg quality with pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) hormones. Jurnal Protein. 14 (1) : 21-30.
Leeson, S. and J. D. Summers. 2009. Commercial poultry nutrition. Ed: 3rd. England, Nottingham University Press. p.198.205.
Rahmat, A. and E. Kusnandi. 2008. Pengaruh penambahan tepung kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val. ) dalam ransum yang diberi minyak jelantah terhadap performan ayam broiler. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak. 8 (1): 25 – 30
Mattjik, A. A dan M. Sumertajaya. 2006. Perancangan percobaan dan aplikasi SAS dan Minitab. Jilid I. Edisi ke 2. Bogor (ID): IPB Press.
Mine, Y. and I. D'Silva. 2008. Bioactive components in egg white, in egg bioscience and biotechnology (ed Y. Mine), John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
Hoboken, NJ, USA. doi: 10.1002/9780470181249.ch4
Nolan, J. M., K. A. Meagher, A. N. Howard, R. Moran, D. I. Thurnham, and S. Beatty. 2016. Lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin content of eggs laid by hens supplemented with free and esterified xanthophylls. Journal of Nutritional Science. 5. e1. http://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2015.35
Nugraha, B. A., K. Widayaka, and N. Iriyanti. 2013. Penggunaan berbagai jenis probiotik dalam ransum terhadap haugh unit dan volume telur ayam arab. Jurnal Ilmiah Peternakan. 1(2): 606 - 612.
Priyadarsini, K. I. 2014. The Chemistry of Curcumin: From Extraction to Therapeutic Agent. Molecules. 19 (12): 20091-20112; doi:10.3390/molecules191220091
Rosa, R.A., M. A. Malik, I. G. Prakoso, R. W. Djati, and Y. Purnamawati. 2013. Suplemen pakan berbasis limbah kulit buah naga (Hylocereus undatus) guna menghasilkan telur puyuh yang kaya vitamin A dan rendah kolesterol. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor.
Saeid, J. and A. Al-Nasry. 2010. Effect of dietary coriander seeds supplementation on growth performance carcass traits and some blood parameters of broiler chickens. IJPS. 9 (9):867-870.
Santos-Bocanegra, E., X. Ospina-Osorio, E. Oviedo-Rondon. 2004. Evaluation of xanthophylls extracted from Tagetes erectus (Marigold flower) and Capsicum Sp.(Red pepper paprika) as a pigment for egg-yolks compare with Synthetic pigments. International Journal of Poultry Science. 3(11):685-689.
Santoso, V. S. 2009. Efek Penggunaan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah dan Ubi Jalar Ungu terhadap Karakteristik Sensoris dan Perubahan Sifat Fisikokimiawi Marshmallow selama Penyimpanan. Doctoral dissertation. Prodi Teknologi Pangan Unika Soegijapranata.
Rajkumar, U., R. P. Sharma, K. S. Rajaravindra, M. Niranjan, B. L. N. Reddy, T. K. Bhattacharya, and R. N. Chatterjee. 2009. Effect of Genotype and Age on Egg Quality Traits in Naked Neck Chicken under Tropical Climate from India. International Journal of Poultry Science. 8(12):1151-1155.doi: 10.3923/ijps.2009.1151.1155.
Tserveni-Goussi, A. and P. Fortomaris. 2011. Production and quality of quail, pheasant, goose and turkey eggs for uses other than human consumption. In Y. Nys, M. Bain & F. V. Immerseel (Eds.), Improving the safety and quality of eggs and egg products (pp. 509-537): Woodhead Publishing.
Tuleun, C. and A. Adenkola. 2013. Performance and erythrocyte osmotic membrane stability oflaying japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed varying dietary protein levels in a hot-humid tropics. Agric. Biol. J. N. Am. 4 (1): 6-13.
[USDA]. United State Departement of Agriculture National. 2011. Nutrient database for standard reference. United States of America.
Wahyuni, R. 2011. Pemanfaatan kulit buah naga supermerah (Hylicereus costaricensis) sebagai sumber antioksidan dan pewarna alami pada pembuatan jelly. Jurnal Teknologi Pangan. 2(1) : 68-85.
Windisch, W., K. Schedle, C. Plitzner, and A. Kroismayr. 2008. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci. 86 (14 Suppl), E140-148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459
Zita, L., E. T?mová, and L. Štolc. 2009. Effects of genotype, age and their interaction on egg quality in brown-egg laying hens. Acta Veterinaria Brno. 78 (1): 85-91.
Zita, L., Z. Ledvinka, L. Klesalová, Z. Ledvinka, L. Klesalová, and T. Japanese. 2013. The effect of the age of japanese quails on certain egg quality traits and their relationships. Vet. Arhiv. 83 (2): 223- 232.