Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu-waktu dimana ayam membutuhkan pakan melalui perbaikan manajemen pakan dengan frekuensi (F) dan periode (P) pemberian pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 252 ekor ayam buras super umur 1 hari dengan bobot awal rata – rata 37,88 ± 1,89 gram. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersil. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan split plot, dimana main plot berupa frekunsi pemberian pakan (1 kali/hari, 2 kali/hari dan 3 kali/hari) dan sub plot berupa periode pemberian pakan (14jam, 16jam dan 18jam) sehingga seluruhnya terdapat 36 kombinasi perlakuan. Parameter yang diukur meliputi bobot relatif organ limfoid (timus, limpa, bursa fabricius dan hati). Data yang diperoleh diamati keragamannya pada taraf 5%.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh frekuensi dan periode pemberian pakan terhadap bobot relatif limpa, timus dan bursa fabrisius. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa frekuensi dan periode pemberian pakan tidak meningkatkan bobot relatif organ limfoid.
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References
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- Apriliyani, F., N. Suthama dan H. I. Wahyuni. 2013. Rasio heterofil limfosit dan bobot relatif bursa fabrisius akibat kombinasi lama pencahayaan dan pemberian porsi ransum berbeda pada ayam broiler. Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Animal Agriculture Journal, 2. (1): p 393-399.
- Bartlett, J. R. and M. O. Smith. 2003. Effect of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult. Sci. 82: 1580–1588.
- Classen, H. L., C. Riddell, dan F. E. Robinson. 1991. Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens.British Poultry Science 32 (1): 21-29.
- El Sabry M. I., S. Yalcin dan G. Turgay-Izzetoglu. 2015. Interaction between breeder age and hatching time affects intestine development and broiler performance. Livestock Science. 157: 612–617.
- Filho Q. W. M., A. Ribeiro, V. Ferraz-de-Paula, M. L. Pinheiro, M. Sakai, L. R. M. Sa, A. J. P. Ferreira and J. Palermo-Neto. 2010. Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Ornitopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
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- Guo, Y.L., Li, W.B., Chen, J.L., 2010. Influence of nutrient density and lighting regime in broiler chickens: effect on antioxidant status and immune function. Brit. Poultry Sci. 51:222-228.
- Hafni, W., D. Pujiastuti dan W. Harjupa. 2015. Analisis variabilitas temperatur udara di daerah Kototabang periode 2003–2012. J. Fisika Unand. 4 (2) : 185-192.
- Han, A. Y., M. H. Zhang, X. I. Zuo, C. F. Zhao, J.H. Feng and C. Cheng, 2010. Effect of acute heat stress on calcium concentration, proliferation, cell cycle, and interleukin-2 production in splenic lymphocytes from broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 89: 2063-2070
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- Hassan, A. M., ABD H. ELAzeem and P. G. Redy. 2009. Effect of Some Water Supplements on the Performance and Immune System of Chronically Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks. Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University.
- Hewajuli, D. A. dan Dharmayanti. 2015. Peran sistem kekebalan non-spesifik dan spesifik pada unggas terhadap newcastle disease. WARTAZOA 25 ( 3): 135-146.
- Hwangbo, J., H. C. Choi, S. O. Park, C. M. Ryu, B. S. Park, H. K.Kang, O. S. Seo and Y. H. Choi. 2013. Diet With Soy Oil, Molasses, Methionine, Lysine and Vitamin C Improves the Growth Performance of Broiler Exposed to Extreme Heat Stress. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon
- National University, Republic of Korea. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 12 (4): 464-471.
- Houston, E.G., R. Nechanitzky, P.J. Fink. 2008. Cutting edge: Contact with secondary lymphoid organs drives post thymic T cell maturation. J Immunol. 181:5213- 5217.
- Indarto, E., Jamhari., Zahra, F., Zuprizal dan Kustantinah. 2011. Pengaruh Penggunaan Dried Distillers Grain With Soluble (DDGS) pada Ransum Berenergi Rendah terhadap Karkas, Lemak Abdominal, dan Hati Ayam Ayam pedaging. Buletin Peternakan. 35 (2): 71-78.
- Jamilah, N. Suthama, dan L. D. Mahfudz. 2013. Performa dan ketahanan tubuh broiler yang diberi pakan step down dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai acidifier. Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. JITV 18 (4): 251-257.
- Kusnadi, E. 2010. Perubahan malonaldehida hati, bobot relatif bursa fabricius dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas. Media Peternakan, 32(2): 81- 87.
- Syafwan, S., R. P. Kwakkel and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2011. Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens. World’s Poult. Sci J. 67: 653-673.
- Ullah, M. S., T.N. Pasha, Z. Ali, Saima, F.M. Khattak dan Z. Hidayat. 2012. Effects of different pre-starter diets on broiler performance, gastrointestinal tract morphometry and carcass yield. J Anim Plant Sci. 22 (3) : 570 – 575.
- Yang, H., H. Xing, Z. Wang, J. Xia, B. Yan Wan, Hou and J. Zhang. 2015. Effects of Intermittent Lighting on Broiler Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Tibia Parameters, Italian Journal of Animal Science. 14 (4): 684- 689.
References
Aengwanich, W. 2008. Pathological changes and effect of ascorbic acid on lesion scores of bursa of Fabricius in broilers under chronic heat stress. Res. J. Vet. Sci., 1: 62-66.
Apriliyani, F., N. Suthama dan H. I. Wahyuni. 2013. Rasio heterofil limfosit dan bobot relatif bursa fabrisius akibat kombinasi lama pencahayaan dan pemberian porsi ransum berbeda pada ayam broiler. Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Animal Agriculture Journal, 2. (1): p 393-399.
Bartlett, J. R. and M. O. Smith. 2003. Effect of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poult. Sci. 82: 1580–1588.
Classen, H. L., C. Riddell, dan F. E. Robinson. 1991. Effects of increasing photoperiod length on performance and health of broiler chickens.British Poultry Science 32 (1): 21-29.
El Sabry M. I., S. Yalcin dan G. Turgay-Izzetoglu. 2015. Interaction between breeder age and hatching time affects intestine development and broiler performance. Livestock Science. 157: 612–617.
Filho Q. W. M., A. Ribeiro, V. Ferraz-de-Paula, M. L. Pinheiro, M. Sakai, L. R. M. Sa, A. J. P. Ferreira and J. Palermo-Neto. 2010. Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Department of Pathology, and Laboratory of Ornitopathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Gunawan dan D. T. H. Sihombing. 2004. Pengaruh suhu lingkungan tinggi terhadap kondisi fisiologis dan produktivitas ayam buras. Wartazoa 14 (1) : 31-38.
Guo, Y.L., Li, W.B., Chen, J.L., 2010. Influence of nutrient density and lighting regime in broiler chickens: effect on antioxidant status and immune function. Brit. Poultry Sci. 51:222-228.
Hafni, W., D. Pujiastuti dan W. Harjupa. 2015. Analisis variabilitas temperatur udara di daerah Kototabang periode 2003–2012. J. Fisika Unand. 4 (2) : 185-192.
Han, A. Y., M. H. Zhang, X. I. Zuo, C. F. Zhao, J.H. Feng and C. Cheng, 2010. Effect of acute heat stress on calcium concentration, proliferation, cell cycle, and interleukin-2 production in splenic lymphocytes from broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 89: 2063-2070
Hassan, A. M., May, ABD H. ELAzeem, M. M. Hussein, M. M. Osman and Abd El-wahed. 2007. Effect of chronic heat stress on broiler chicken performance and immune system. Dept. of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Animal Behaviour and Dept. of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Vet. Med., Suez Canal University.
Hassan, A. M., ABD H. ELAzeem and P. G. Redy. 2009. Effect of Some Water Supplements on the Performance and Immune System of Chronically Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks. Department of Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University.
Hewajuli, D. A. dan Dharmayanti. 2015. Peran sistem kekebalan non-spesifik dan spesifik pada unggas terhadap newcastle disease. WARTAZOA 25 ( 3): 135-146.
Hwangbo, J., H. C. Choi, S. O. Park, C. M. Ryu, B. S. Park, H. K.Kang, O. S. Seo and Y. H. Choi. 2013. Diet With Soy Oil, Molasses, Methionine, Lysine and Vitamin C Improves the Growth Performance of Broiler Exposed to Extreme Heat Stress. Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon
National University, Republic of Korea. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 12 (4): 464-471.
Houston, E.G., R. Nechanitzky, P.J. Fink. 2008. Cutting edge: Contact with secondary lymphoid organs drives post thymic T cell maturation. J Immunol. 181:5213- 5217.
Indarto, E., Jamhari., Zahra, F., Zuprizal dan Kustantinah. 2011. Pengaruh Penggunaan Dried Distillers Grain With Soluble (DDGS) pada Ransum Berenergi Rendah terhadap Karkas, Lemak Abdominal, dan Hati Ayam Ayam pedaging. Buletin Peternakan. 35 (2): 71-78.
Jamilah, N. Suthama, dan L. D. Mahfudz. 2013. Performa dan ketahanan tubuh broiler yang diberi pakan step down dengan penambahan asam sitrat sebagai acidifier. Fakultas Peternakan dan Pertanian, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. JITV 18 (4): 251-257.
Kusnadi, E. 2010. Perubahan malonaldehida hati, bobot relatif bursa fabricius dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas. Media Peternakan, 32(2): 81- 87.
Syafwan, S., R. P. Kwakkel and M. W. A. Verstegen. 2011. Heat stress and feeding strategies in meat-type chickens. World’s Poult. Sci J. 67: 653-673.
Ullah, M. S., T.N. Pasha, Z. Ali, Saima, F.M. Khattak dan Z. Hidayat. 2012. Effects of different pre-starter diets on broiler performance, gastrointestinal tract morphometry and carcass yield. J Anim Plant Sci. 22 (3) : 570 – 575.
Yang, H., H. Xing, Z. Wang, J. Xia, B. Yan Wan, Hou and J. Zhang. 2015. Effects of Intermittent Lighting on Broiler Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Tibia Parameters, Italian Journal of Animal Science. 14 (4): 684- 689.