Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukanuntuk mengetahui hematologipada ayam buras super yang diberi perlakuan frekuensi pemberian pakan dan periode pemberian pakan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu252 ekor anak ayam buras super unsex dengan rata – rata bobot badan 37,88 1,98 g (CV : 5,02%). Penelitian menggunakan pakan komersial dari PT Charoen Pokphand, periode starter B11S dan periode finisher B12S. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan split plot dengan main plot 3 frekuensi pemberian pakan dan sub plot 3 taraf periode pemberian pakan dengan 4 ulangan sehingga menggunakan 36 unit percobaan, masing-masing unit percobaan berisi 7 ekor. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah : faktor F frekuensi pemberian pakan (1x/hari, 2x/hari, 3x/hari) dan faktor Pperiode pemberian pakan (14 jam, 16 jam, dan 18 jam). Data penelitian yang diperoleh kemudian di analisis ragam menggunakan uji F dengan taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan untuk data yang berbeda nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan periode berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kadar glukosa darah, terdapat pengaruhinteraksi antarafrekuensi pemberian pakan dengan periode pemberian pakan (p<0,05) terhadap rasio H/L, tidak ada pengaruh interaksi (p<0,05) frekuensi dan periode pemberian pakan serta masing masing faktor tidak berpengaruh terhadap hemoglobin, eritrosit dan leukosit.
Kata Kunci : Frekuensi, Periode, Hematologi, Ayam Buras Super
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References
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- Elkheir, S. M.K., M. Ahmed, M.M. dan A. Gadir. 2008. Effect of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on performance of broiler chicks reared under heat stress. Res. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3 : 1- 8.
- Ferket, P. R. dan A. G. Gernat. 2006. Factors that affect feed intake meat birds: a review. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5 (10) : 905 – 911.
- Filho, F., S. P. Rosa, S. B. Vieira, M. Macari dan L. R. Furlan. 2005. Protein levels and environmental temperature effects on carcass characteristics, performance, and nitrogen excretion of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days of age. Brazillian J. of Poult. Sci. 7 (4) : 247 – 253.
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- Salam, S., D. Sunarti dan Isroli. 2013. physiological responses of blood and immune organs of broiler chicken fed dietary black cumin powder (Nigella sativa) during dry seasons. J. Indonesian. Trop. Anim. Agric. 38 (3) : 185 – 191.
- Shariatmadari, F. 2012. Plans of feeding broiler chickens. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 68 : 21 - 31.
- Sriwati, D., E. Widodo. dan M. H. Natsir. 2005. Pengaruh penggunaan tepung jintan putih (Cuminum cyminum, L.) dalam pakan terhadap profil darah ayam pedaging. Fakultas PeternakanUniversitas Brawijaya, Malang.12 (1): 7-10
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- Tamzil, M. H. 2014. Stress panas pada unggas : metabolisme, akibat dan upaya penanggulangannya. Wartazoa. 24 (2) : 57 – 66.
- Toplu, H.D.O., A. Nazligul, S. Karaarslan, M. Kaya and O. Yagin. 2014. Effects of heat conditioning and dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics inheat-stressed broilers. Ankara Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 61: 295-302.
- Turkylmas, M. K. 2005. The effect of stocking density on stress reaction in broiler chickens during summer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32 (1) : 31 - 36.
- Wardhana, H., April., E. Kenanawati., Nurmawati., Rahmaweni., dan C. B. Jatmiko. 2001. Pengaruh pemberian sediaan patikaan kebo (Euphorbia hirta l) terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit pada ayam yang diinfeksi dengan Eimeria tenella. J. Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 6 (2) :1-6.
- Zulkifli, I., Che Norma, M. T., Israf, D. A., dan Omar, A. R. 2000. The effect of early age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures in female broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 79 : 1401-1407.
References
Abioja, M. O., G. O. Sodipe, A. J. Abiona, A. K. Oladipo, D. O. Kasali, Z. Akerele, A. Ola, H. Oke, O. Ogundele, dan A. O. Osinowo. 2014. Thermotolerance acquisition in broiler chickens through early feed restriction: response to acute heat stress. Pertanika. J. Trop. Agric. Sci. 37 (3) : 311 – 319.
Al-Aqil, A., I. Zulkifli, A. Q. Sazili, A. R. Omar dan M. A. Rajion. 2009. The effects of the hot, humid tropical climate and early age feed restriction on stress and fear responses, and performance in broiler chickens. Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci. 22 (11) : 1581 – 1586.
Altan, O., A. Altan, M. Cabuk dan H. Bayragtar. 2000. Effects of heat stress on some blood parameters in broilers. Turk J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 24 : 145 – 148.
Blahova, J., R. Dobsikova, E. Strakova dan P. Suchy. 2007. Effect of low environmental temperature on performance and blood system in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus). Acta Vet. Brno. 76 : 17 – 23.
Borges, S. A., A. V. Fischer da Silva, A. Majorka, D. M. Hooge dan K. R. Cummings. 2004. Physiological responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilograms). Poult. Sci. 83 : 1551 – 1558.
Buyse, J. dan E. Decuypere. 2003. Feeding patterns in chickens : effect of endocrine and metabolic status. Proc. Aust. Poult. Sci. Sym. 15 : 7 – 16.
Coles, B. H. 2006. Essential of Avian Medicine Surgery. Iowa (US): Blackwell Pub.
Diarra, S. S. dan P. Tabuaciri. 2014. Feeding management of poultry in high environmental temperatures. Int. J. of Poult. Sci. 13 (11) : 657 – 661.
Elkheir, S. M.K., M. Ahmed, M.M. dan A. Gadir. 2008. Effect of feed restriction and ascorbic acid supplementation on performance of broiler chicks reared under heat stress. Res. J. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3 : 1- 8.
Ferket, P. R. dan A. G. Gernat. 2006. Factors that affect feed intake meat birds: a review. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5 (10) : 905 – 911.
Filho, F., S. P. Rosa, S. B. Vieira, M. Macari dan L. R. Furlan. 2005. Protein levels and environmental temperature effects on carcass characteristics, performance, and nitrogen excretion of broiler chickens from 7 to 21 days of age. Brazillian J. of Poult. Sci. 7 (4) : 247 – 253.
Kang, S., Y. Ko, Y. Moon, S. Sohn dan I. Jang. 2011. Effects of the combined stress induced by stocking density and feed restriction on hematological and cytokine parameters as stress indicators in laying hens. Asian-Aust J. Anim. Sci. 24 (3) : 414 – 420.
Kusnadi, E. 2009. Pengaruh berbagai cekaman terhadap perubahan beberapa komponen dan biokimia darah unggas. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Padang. Hal : 1 – 6.
Kusnadi, E. 2009. Perubahan malonaldehida hati, bobot relatif bursa fabricius dan rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L) ayam broiler yang diberi cekaman panas. Media Peternakan. Hal : 81 – 87.
Mahmoud, K. Z. dan A. M. Yaseen. 2005. Effect of feed withdrawal and heat acclimatization on stress responses of male broiler and layer type chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan. Hal : 1445 – 1450.
Mahmud, A. T. B. A. 2016. Profil Darah, Performa dan Kualitas Daging Ayam Persilangan Kampung Broiler (KB) Pada Kepadatan Kandang Yang Berbeda. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Skripsi Sekolah Pascasarjana.
Mujahid, A. 2011. Nutritional strategis to maintain efficiency and production of chickens under high environmental temperature. J. Poult. Sci. 48 : 145 – 154.
Rachmawati, E., A. Mushawwir dan D. Latipudin. 2015. Profil glukosa dan kreatin darah darah ayam petelur fase layer pada temperature humidity index yang berbeda. Artikel Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Hal : 1 - 12.
Rosita, A., A. Mushawwir dan D. Latipudin. 2015. Status hematologis (eritrosit, hematokrit dan hemoglobin) ayam petelur fase layer pada temperature humidity index yang berbeda. Artikel Ilmiah Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Hal : 1 – 10.
Salam, S., D. Sunarti dan Isroli. 2013. physiological responses of blood and immune organs of broiler chicken fed dietary black cumin powder (Nigella sativa) during dry seasons. J. Indonesian. Trop. Anim. Agric. 38 (3) : 185 – 191.
Shariatmadari, F. 2012. Plans of feeding broiler chickens. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 68 : 21 - 31.
Sriwati, D., E. Widodo. dan M. H. Natsir. 2005. Pengaruh penggunaan tepung jintan putih (Cuminum cyminum, L.) dalam pakan terhadap profil darah ayam pedaging. Fakultas PeternakanUniversitas Brawijaya, Malang.12 (1): 7-10
Swenson. 1984. Duke’s Phisiology of Domestic Animals. Tenth edition. London. Cornel University Press. Tasse, A. M., 2010. Tampilan Asam Lemak Dalam Susu Sapi Hasil Pemberian Ransum Mengandung Campuran Garam Karboksilat atau Metil Ester Kering. (Disertasi). Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
Tamzil, M. H. 2014. Stress panas pada unggas : metabolisme, akibat dan upaya penanggulangannya. Wartazoa. 24 (2) : 57 – 66.
Toplu, H.D.O., A. Nazligul, S. Karaarslan, M. Kaya and O. Yagin. 2014. Effects of heat conditioning and dietary ascorbic acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics inheat-stressed broilers. Ankara Univ. Vet. Fak. Derg. 61: 295-302.
Turkylmas, M. K. 2005. The effect of stocking density on stress reaction in broiler chickens during summer. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 32 (1) : 31 - 36.
Wardhana, H., April., E. Kenanawati., Nurmawati., Rahmaweni., dan C. B. Jatmiko. 2001. Pengaruh pemberian sediaan patikaan kebo (Euphorbia hirta l) terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, dan nilai hematokrit pada ayam yang diinfeksi dengan Eimeria tenella. J. Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner. 6 (2) :1-6.
Zulkifli, I., Che Norma, M. T., Israf, D. A., dan Omar, A. R. 2000. The effect of early age feed restriction on subsequent response to high environmental temperatures in female broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 79 : 1401-1407.