Main Article Content
Abstract
Evaluasi in vitro dilakukan untuk mengetahui fermentabilitas ransum yang mengandung ampas bir dalam cairan rumen (in vitro). Penelitan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri atas ransum yang mengandung 0, 7, 14, 21, dan 28% ampas bir. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukan bahwa ransum yang mengandung ampas bir sampai 28% tidak mempengaruhi populasi bakteri dan protozoa rumen, namun berdampak menurunkan (P<0,05) konsentrasi N-NH3 dan VFA seiring dengan jumlah ampas bir yang tinggi. Populasi bakteri dan protozoa masing-masing berjumlah 1,45-2,04 1011sel/mL dan 7,75-12,60 107 sel/mL. Penurunan konsentrasi N-NH3 yang nyata (P<0,05) dimulai pada perlakuan penggunaan 21% ampas bir, sedangkan pada VFA terjadi pada perlakuan penggunaan 7% ampas bir. Kesimpulan, Penggunaan ampas bir yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi fermentabilitas ransum dan menghasilkan produk fermentasi yang rendah.
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References
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- Arora, S.P. 1989. Pencernaan Mikroba Pada Ruminansia. Diterjemahkan oleh Retno Muwarni. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. 44 – 49.
- Bergen, W. G. 1977. Factors affecting growth yields of micro-organisms in the rumen. Trop. Anim. Prod. 4: 13-20.
- Bohatier, J. 1991. The Rumen Protozoa: Taxonomy, Cytology and Feeding Behaviour. In : Jouany, J.P. Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris. 27 – 38.
- Briggs, D.E. 1978. Barley. 1st ed. Chapman and Hall Halsted Press Book. Jhon Willey And Son’s, Inc. New York.
- Cullison, A.E. 1978. Feed and Feeding. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi. 181.
- Czerkawski, J.W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney, Frankfurt. 109, 118 – 120.
- Erwanto. 1995. Optimalisasi Sistem Fermentasi Rumen melalui Suplementasi Rumen Sulfur, Defaunasi, Reduksi Emisi Metan dan Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Mikroba pada Ternak Ruminansia. Disertasi. Program Doktor, PPS. IPB. Bogor.
- Gaspersz, V. 1995. Tehnik Analisis dalam Penelitian Percobaan. Transito. Bandung
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- Hernaman, I., A. Budiman, S. Nurachma, dan K. Hidajat. 2015. Kajian in vitro subtitusi konsentrat dengan penggunaan limbah perkebunan singkong yang disuplementasi kobalt (Co) dan seng (Zn) dalam ransum domba. Buletin Peternakan 39: 71-77.
- Hungate, R.E. 1966. The Rumen and Its Microbes. Academic Press. New York and London. 8 – 12; 127.
- King, H.B. 1974. Brewers Grains. A Natural for Good Properties and Uses. United States Brewer’s Association, Inc. Washington DC. 1–4.
- Kreier, J.P. and Baker, J.R. 1993. Parasitic Protozoa. Academic Press, Inc. 2nd ed. 3 ; 4.
- Linko, M.L. 1976. Biological Treatment of Straw on Commercial Farm Levels. Proc. of New Feed Resources. FAO. Rome.
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- Mangan J.L., 1988. Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr Res Rev 1, 209-231.
- Morrison, F.B.1961. Feed and Feeding Abrieged. 9th ed. The Morrison Publ. Co. Clinton. Iowa. 297; 584.
- Ogimoto, K. and Imai. S. 1981. Atlas of Rumen Microbioloby. Japan Societies Press.
- Stewart, C.S. 1991. The Rumen Bacteria. In : Jouany, J.P. Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris. 15 – 26.
- Palmer, J.J. 2006. How to Brew: Everything you need to know to brew beer right the first time. Brewer Publications. USA.
- Preston, T.R. and Leng, R.A. 1987. Matching Ruminant Production System with Available Resourch in The Tropics and Sub-Tropics. Penambul Books Armidale, New South Wales. 21-128.
- Sutardi, T. 1980. Landasan Ilmu Nutrisi. Jilid 1. Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Fapet IPB. Bogor. 6 – 10.
- Tangendjaja, B., Wina, E., Ibrahim, T. and Falmer, B. 1992. Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan Pemamfaatannya. Balai Penelitian Ternak dan The Australian Centre For International Agriculture Research ( ACIAR).
- Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry. R.A. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of the forage crops. J. Brit. Grassl. Soc. (18) 2 : 104 – 106.
- Yokohama, M.T. and K.A. Johnson.1988. Microbiology of The Rumen and Intestine. Church, D.C. ed. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminant. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07632. 125-142.
References
Abdoun, K., F. Stumpff and H. Martens. 2007. Ammonia and urea transport across the rumen epithelium: A Review Animal Health Research Reviews 7(1/2); 43–59
Arora, S.P. 1989. Pencernaan Mikroba Pada Ruminansia. Diterjemahkan oleh Retno Muwarni. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta. 44 – 49.
Bergen, W. G. 1977. Factors affecting growth yields of micro-organisms in the rumen. Trop. Anim. Prod. 4: 13-20.
Bohatier, J. 1991. The Rumen Protozoa: Taxonomy, Cytology and Feeding Behaviour. In : Jouany, J.P. Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris. 27 – 38.
Briggs, D.E. 1978. Barley. 1st ed. Chapman and Hall Halsted Press Book. Jhon Willey And Son’s, Inc. New York.
Cullison, A.E. 1978. Feed and Feeding. Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. New Delhi. 181.
Czerkawski, J.W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press. Oxford, New York, Toronto, Sydney, Frankfurt. 109, 118 – 120.
Erwanto. 1995. Optimalisasi Sistem Fermentasi Rumen melalui Suplementasi Rumen Sulfur, Defaunasi, Reduksi Emisi Metan dan Stimulasi Pertumbuhan Mikroba pada Ternak Ruminansia. Disertasi. Program Doktor, PPS. IPB. Bogor.
Gaspersz, V. 1995. Tehnik Analisis dalam Penelitian Percobaan. Transito. Bandung
Hernaman, I., Tanuwiria, U.H. and Wiyatna, M.F. 2005. Pengaruh penggunaan berbagai tingkat kulit kopi dalam ransum penggemukan sapi potong terhadap fermentabilitas rumen dan kecernaan in-vitro. Bionatura Vol. 7 No. 1. 46
Hernaman, I., A. Budiman, S. Nurachma, dan K. Hidajat. 2015. Kajian in vitro subtitusi konsentrat dengan penggunaan limbah perkebunan singkong yang disuplementasi kobalt (Co) dan seng (Zn) dalam ransum domba. Buletin Peternakan 39: 71-77.
Hungate, R.E. 1966. The Rumen and Its Microbes. Academic Press. New York and London. 8 – 12; 127.
King, H.B. 1974. Brewers Grains. A Natural for Good Properties and Uses. United States Brewer’s Association, Inc. Washington DC. 1–4.
Kreier, J.P. and Baker, J.R. 1993. Parasitic Protozoa. Academic Press, Inc. 2nd ed. 3 ; 4.
Linko, M.L. 1976. Biological Treatment of Straw on Commercial Farm Levels. Proc. of New Feed Resources. FAO. Rome.
Makkar H.P.S. and Becker K., 1998. Adaptation of cattle to tannins: role of protein-rich proteins in oak-fed cattle. Anim Sci 67, 277-281.
Mangan J.L., 1988. Nutritional effects of tannins in animal feeds. Nutr Res Rev 1, 209-231.
Morrison, F.B.1961. Feed and Feeding Abrieged. 9th ed. The Morrison Publ. Co. Clinton. Iowa. 297; 584.
Ogimoto, K. and Imai. S. 1981. Atlas of Rumen Microbioloby. Japan Societies Press.
Stewart, C.S. 1991. The Rumen Bacteria. In : Jouany, J.P. Rumen Microbial Metabolism and Ruminant Digestion. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique. Paris. 15 – 26.
Palmer, J.J. 2006. How to Brew: Everything you need to know to brew beer right the first time. Brewer Publications. USA.
Preston, T.R. and Leng, R.A. 1987. Matching Ruminant Production System with Available Resourch in The Tropics and Sub-Tropics. Penambul Books Armidale, New South Wales. 21-128.
Sutardi, T. 1980. Landasan Ilmu Nutrisi. Jilid 1. Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak. Fapet IPB. Bogor. 6 – 10.
Tangendjaja, B., Wina, E., Ibrahim, T. and Falmer, B. 1992. Kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) dan Pemamfaatannya. Balai Penelitian Ternak dan The Australian Centre For International Agriculture Research ( ACIAR).
Tilley, J.M.A. and Terry. R.A. 1963. A two stage technique for the in vitro digestion of the forage crops. J. Brit. Grassl. Soc. (18) 2 : 104 – 106.
Yokohama, M.T. and K.A. Johnson.1988. Microbiology of The Rumen and Intestine. Church, D.C. ed. Digestive Physiology and Nutrition of Ruminant. Prentice Hall, New Jersey 07632. 125-142.