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17 April 2025
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5 May 2025
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Abstract
The development of interactive media as a type of multimedia teaching aid has a positive impact on children's gross motor skills. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of interactive media in early childhood education through an experimental study. The study had two participants, 30 children each: An experimental group with interactive teaching media and a control group with conventional teaching methods. Counting skills were assessed before and after the intervention for both groups. Data analysis conducted with a paired t-test showed that the experimental group showed an increase in the mean score from 50 to 80 (t (29) =12.00; p<0.001), indicating a statistically significant difference after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test on the control group showed an increase in the median score from 52 to 60, but did not reach statistical significance (Z=-1.50; p=0.134). The results suggest that the application of interactive teaching media is efficient in improving the counting skills of preschool children compared to traditional methods without focused treatment.
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How to Cite
The Effectiveness of Interactive Learning Media in Improving Early Childhood Numeracy Skills. (2025). JURNAL PENA PAUD, 6(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33369/jpp.v6i1.41166
References
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Adha, T. Z., Asrizal, A., & Rahim, F. R. (2023). Development of E-Module Integrated STEM Approach to Improve Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Physics Learning and Education, 1(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.24036/ple.v1i2.27
Alsaeed, M. S., & Aladil, M. K. (2024). Digital and Physical Interactive Learning Environments: Early Childhood Mathematics Teachers' Beliefs about Technology through Reflective Writing. Education Sciences, 14(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050517
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., Melia, D., Daryati, E., Menulis, K., Group, A., Di, B., Segugus, P., Kota, A., Jurnal, B., Paud, P., 1, T. A., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Writing Ability of Group B Children in PAUD in the Carnation Cluster of Bengkulu City. PENA PAUD JOURNAL, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/PENAPAUD.V3I3.22268
Apriani, W.-, Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Teachers' Perception of the Fine Motor Learning Media Module in Early Childhood in the Red Rose Cluster, Bengkulu City. Journal of Early Childhood Medicine, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Aryani, N. W., & Ambara, D. P. (2021). Interactive Multimedia-Based Learning Videos on Early Childhood Cognitive Aspects. Journal of Early Childhood Education Undiksha, 9(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v9i2.36043
ÇETİN, M., & DEMİRCAN, H. özle. (2020). Erken Çocukluk Döneminde STEM Eğitimi Anlayışı. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.437445
Daryati, M. E. (2023). The Influence of Digital Numerical Media on Number Concept Ability. Kiddo: Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 4(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.19105/KIDDO.V4I2.9933
Daryati, M. E., Yulidesni, & Suryadi, D. (2022). Activity of Holder Writing Tool Edutainment in Stimulating Early Childhood Writing Skills. Dharma Raflesia: Scientific Journal of the Development and Application of Science and Technology, 20(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.33369/dr.v20i2.21978
Eka Daryati, M., & Suryadi, D. (2022). Analysis of Webbing Techniques to Improve Creative Problem Solving of Early Childhood Education Educator Students Using the Independent Curriculum. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.33222/pelitapaud.v7i1.2443
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). The application of obstacle course games to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years (group A) at Hom Pim Pa Kindergarten. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Ghofur, E. H., & Nurhayati, S. (2023). Multimedia-Based Storytelling Learning Media Effectiveness for Early Childhood's Expressive Language Skill Development. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(6), 6677–6686. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.4446
Hanafiah, N. A., Mokodenseho, S., Pawestri Dewi, R. A., Zahruddin, A., & Palayukan, H. (2023). College Media to Develop Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood. Bulletin of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.51278/bec.v2i1.711
Huang, H. M., & Liaw, S. S. (2018). An analysis of learners' intentions toward virtual reality learning based on constructivist and technology acceptance approaches. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2503
Indrayasa, K. B., & Suryanti, P. E. (2023). The Importance of Nutrition Investment for Early Childhood. Journal of Yoga and Health, 6(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v6i2.2999
Kristianti, N., Priskila, R., Widiatry, Pranatawijaya, V. H., Adidyana Putra, P. B., Kamala Sari, N. N., Christian, E., & Geges, S. (2024). Augmented Reality Application Training for Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Teachers of Pandehen. Journal of Atma Innovation. https://doi.org/10.24002/jai.v4i4.9437
Liberna, H., Bhakti, Y. B., & Astuti, I. A. D. (2021). The Innovation of Learning Mathematics on the Introduction of Number for Pre-School Students. Formative: Scientific Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v11i1.7623
Maulidin, Y., Hani, S. U., Rukmini, M., Rahmawati, N., Fitriayani, N., & Nurhalimah, T. D. (2023). The Urgency of Memorizing Juz 30 in Improving Early Childhood Memory in Hamlet 1 Parakan Garokgek. Journal of Community Service of the Nation, 1(7), 1106–1110. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmba.v1i7.311
Murray, J. (2024). Learning from babies is an early childhood education. International Journal of Early Years Education, 32(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2024.2313402
Nabighoh, W. N., Mustaji, M., & Hendratno, H. (2022). Improving Early Childhood Mathematical Logic Intelligence through Interactive Media Number Puzzles. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(4), 3410–3417. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2410
Nur, I. R. D., Herman, T., & Dahlan, T. H. (2022). Numeracy Literacy in Early Childhood: An Investigation in Arithmetic, Geometry and Patterns in Early Stage. JTAM (Journal of Mathematical Theory and Applications), 6(2), 308. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v6i2.7007
Nurhayati, N., & Wahyuni, R. (2020). The use of interactive media-based discovery learning models on students' creative thinking skills in learning mathematics. Scientific Journal of Mathematics Education Al Qalasadi, 4(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.32505/qalasadi.v4i1.1748
Patriani, R. P., & Kusumaningrum, I. (2020). Development of Android-based interactive learning media for two and 3-dimensional animation engineering learning in grade XI of vocational high schools. Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.32528/ipteks.v5i2.3651
Pebriani, M., & Darmiyanti, A. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Early Childhood Development. Early Childhood https://doi.org/10.47134/paud.v1i3.556
Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R., & Bell, D. (2002). Researching effective pedagogy in the early years. Research Report No 356. In Queens Printer. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/6099/
Sofia, A., Syafrudin, U., & Yulistia, A. (2023). Interactive Media for Increasing Logical-Mathematical Intelligences in Differentiated Instruction Practice. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(6), 7445–7452. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.5593
Somadayo, S., Larasati, F., & Kurniawan, H. (2022). Strategies to Introduce Social-Emotional Skills in Early Children Through Animal Stories Books: We Are Friends, Let’s Collect Friendship Fables by Chandra Wening. Nuraicon. https://doi.org/10.24090/nuraicon.v1i1.190
Stiasi, E., Sa'odah, S., & Adawiyah, R. (2022). Efforts to Develop Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood in PAUD Kartini, Marga Mulya Village, Sinar Pereviewuan District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Tim. https://doi.org/10.52690/jitim.v3i1.703
Surbakti, P. F. A. M., SS, S. S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Teacher's Review of Evaluation of Fine Motor Development During Online Learning in Group B of the Asparagus Cluster of Bengkulu City. JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, 2(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/PENAPAUD.V2I2.16776
Talango, S. R. (2020). The Concept of Early Childhood Development. Early Childhood Islamic Education Journal, 1(1), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.54045/ecie.v1i1.35
Utama, W. W. I., Utami, N. R., & Wilujeng, W. (2023). Early Childhood Mathematics Learning in Realistic Mathematical Education (RME). Proceedings of the 1st UPY International Conference on Education and Social Science (UPINCESS 2022), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-39-8_18
Vivianingsih, V., Suhliyatin, N., Mahmudah, M., & Al Ayubi, S. (2023). The effect of interactive learning video media aided by Edpuzzle on student learning. Journal of Learning Innovation and Technology, 10(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v10i12023p024
Widiastuti, Y. T., & Kirono, R. (2022). Effectiveness of Innovative Learning Media To Improve Counting Ability In Early Childhood. COLLOQUIUM Journal of Out-of-School Education, 10(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.24036/kolokium.v10i2.538
Yuliana, A. I., Firdaus, C. F., Mahdalena, A., & Fadhilah, S. N. (2023). Improving the Quality of Learning through the Socialization of Digital Puzzle Educational Game Tools for Kartini Kindergarten, Sentul Village, Jombang Regency. Friday School of Public Service Journal. https://doi.org/10.32764/abdimaspen.v4i1.2413
References
Adha, T. Z., Asrizal, A., & Rahim, F. R. (2023). Development of E-Module Integrated STEM Approach to Improve Students' Critical and Creative Thinking Skills. Physics Learning and Education, 1(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.24036/ple.v1i2.27
Alsaeed, M. S., & Aladil, M. K. (2024). Digital and Physical Interactive Learning Environments: Early Childhood Mathematics Teachers' Beliefs about Technology through Reflective Writing. Education Sciences, 14(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050517
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., Melia, D., Daryati, E., Menulis, K., Group, A., Di, B., Segugus, P., Kota, A., Jurnal, B., Paud, P., 1, T. A., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Writing Ability of Group B Children in PAUD in the Carnation Cluster of Bengkulu City. PENA PAUD JOURNAL, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/PENAPAUD.V3I3.22268
Apriani, W.-, Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Teachers' Perception of the Fine Motor Learning Media Module in Early Childhood in the Red Rose Cluster, Bengkulu City. Journal of Early Childhood Medicine, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Aryani, N. W., & Ambara, D. P. (2021). Interactive Multimedia-Based Learning Videos on Early Childhood Cognitive Aspects. Journal of Early Childhood Education Undiksha, 9(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v9i2.36043
ÇETİN, M., & DEMİRCAN, H. özle. (2020). Erken Çocukluk Döneminde STEM Eğitimi Anlayışı. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.437445
Daryati, M. E. (2023). The Influence of Digital Numerical Media on Number Concept Ability. Kiddo: Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 4(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.19105/KIDDO.V4I2.9933
Daryati, M. E., Yulidesni, & Suryadi, D. (2022). Activity of Holder Writing Tool Edutainment in Stimulating Early Childhood Writing Skills. Dharma Raflesia: Scientific Journal of the Development and Application of Science and Technology, 20(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.33369/dr.v20i2.21978
Eka Daryati, M., & Suryadi, D. (2022). Analysis of Webbing Techniques to Improve Creative Problem Solving of Early Childhood Education Educator Students Using the Independent Curriculum. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.33222/pelitapaud.v7i1.2443
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). The application of obstacle course games to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years (group A) at Hom Pim Pa Kindergarten. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Ghofur, E. H., & Nurhayati, S. (2023). Multimedia-Based Storytelling Learning Media Effectiveness for Early Childhood's Expressive Language Skill Development. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(6), 6677–6686. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.4446
Hanafiah, N. A., Mokodenseho, S., Pawestri Dewi, R. A., Zahruddin, A., & Palayukan, H. (2023). College Media to Develop Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood. Bulletin of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.51278/bec.v2i1.711
Huang, H. M., & Liaw, S. S. (2018). An analysis of learners' intentions toward virtual reality learning based on constructivist and technology acceptance approaches. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2503
Indrayasa, K. B., & Suryanti, P. E. (2023). The Importance of Nutrition Investment for Early Childhood. Journal of Yoga and Health, 6(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v6i2.2999
Kristianti, N., Priskila, R., Widiatry, Pranatawijaya, V. H., Adidyana Putra, P. B., Kamala Sari, N. N., Christian, E., & Geges, S. (2024). Augmented Reality Application Training for Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Teachers of Pandehen. Journal of Atma Innovation. https://doi.org/10.24002/jai.v4i4.9437
Liberna, H., Bhakti, Y. B., & Astuti, I. A. D. (2021). The Innovation of Learning Mathematics on the Introduction of Number for Pre-School Students. Formative: Scientific Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v11i1.7623
Maulidin, Y., Hani, S. U., Rukmini, M., Rahmawati, N., Fitriayani, N., & Nurhalimah, T. D. (2023). The Urgency of Memorizing Juz 30 in Improving Early Childhood Memory in Hamlet 1 Parakan Garokgek. Journal of Community Service of the Nation, 1(7), 1106–1110. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmba.v1i7.311
Murray, J. (2024). Learning from babies is an early childhood education. International Journal of Early Years Education, 32(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2024.2313402
Nabighoh, W. N., Mustaji, M., & Hendratno, H. (2022). Improving Early Childhood Mathematical Logic Intelligence through Interactive Media Number Puzzles. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(4), 3410–3417. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2410
Nur, I. R. D., Herman, T., & Dahlan, T. H. (2022). Numeracy Literacy in Early Childhood: An Investigation in Arithmetic, Geometry and Patterns in Early Stage. JTAM (Journal of Mathematical Theory and Applications), 6(2), 308. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v6i2.7007
Nurhayati, N., & Wahyuni, R. (2020). The use of interactive media-based discovery learning models on students' creative thinking skills in learning mathematics. Scientific Journal of Mathematics Education Al Qalasadi, 4(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.32505/qalasadi.v4i1.1748
Patriani, R. P., & Kusumaningrum, I. (2020). Development of Android-based interactive learning media for two and 3-dimensional animation engineering learning in grade XI of vocational high schools. Journal of Science and Technology Research, 5(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.32528/ipteks.v5i2.3651
Pebriani, M., & Darmiyanti, A. (2024). The Influence of Social Media on Early Childhood Development. Early Childhood https://doi.org/10.47134/paud.v1i3.556
Siraj-Blatchford, I., Sylva, K., Muttock, S., Gilden, R., & Bell, D. (2002). Researching effective pedagogy in the early years. Research Report No 356. In Queens Printer. http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/6099/
Sofia, A., Syafrudin, U., & Yulistia, A. (2023). Interactive Media for Increasing Logical-Mathematical Intelligences in Differentiated Instruction Practice. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(6), 7445–7452. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.5593
Somadayo, S., Larasati, F., & Kurniawan, H. (2022). Strategies to Introduce Social-Emotional Skills in Early Children Through Animal Stories Books: We Are Friends, Let’s Collect Friendship Fables by Chandra Wening. Nuraicon. https://doi.org/10.24090/nuraicon.v1i1.190
Stiasi, E., Sa'odah, S., & Adawiyah, R. (2022). Efforts to Develop Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood in PAUD Kartini, Marga Mulya Village, Sinar Pereviewuan District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. Tim. https://doi.org/10.52690/jitim.v3i1.703
Surbakti, P. F. A. M., SS, S. S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Teacher's Review of Evaluation of Fine Motor Development During Online Learning in Group B of the Asparagus Cluster of Bengkulu City. JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, 2(2), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.33369/PENAPAUD.V2I2.16776
Talango, S. R. (2020). The Concept of Early Childhood Development. Early Childhood Islamic Education Journal, 1(1), 92–105. https://doi.org/10.54045/ecie.v1i1.35
Utama, W. W. I., Utami, N. R., & Wilujeng, W. (2023). Early Childhood Mathematics Learning in Realistic Mathematical Education (RME). Proceedings of the 1st UPY International Conference on Education and Social Science (UPINCESS 2022), 203–209. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-39-8_18
Vivianingsih, V., Suhliyatin, N., Mahmudah, M., & Al Ayubi, S. (2023). The effect of interactive learning video media aided by Edpuzzle on student learning. Journal of Learning Innovation and Technology, 10(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.17977/um031v10i12023p024
Widiastuti, Y. T., & Kirono, R. (2022). Effectiveness of Innovative Learning Media To Improve Counting Ability In Early Childhood. COLLOQUIUM Journal of Out-of-School Education, 10(2), 175–182. https://doi.org/10.24036/kolokium.v10i2.538
Yuliana, A. I., Firdaus, C. F., Mahdalena, A., & Fadhilah, S. N. (2023). Improving the Quality of Learning through the Socialization of Digital Puzzle Educational Game Tools for Kartini Kindergarten, Sentul Village, Jombang Regency. Friday School of Public Service Journal. https://doi.org/10.32764/abdimaspen.v4i1.2413
Alsaeed, M. S., & Aladil, M. K. (2024). Digital and Physical Interactive Learning Environments: Early Childhood Mathematics Teachers' Beliefs about Technology through Reflective Writing. Education Sciences, 14(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050517
Amelia, T., Suryadi, D., Melia, D., Daryati, E., Menulis, K., Group, A., Di, B., Segugus, P., Kota, A., Jurnal, B., Paud, P., 1, T. A., & Daryati, M. E. (2022). Writing Ability of Group B Children in PAUD in the Carnation Cluster of Bengkulu City. PENA PAUD JOURNAL, 3(1), 52–63. https://doi.org/10.33369/PENAPAUD.V3I3.22268
Apriani, W.-, Saparahayuningsih, S., & Daryati, M. E. (2021). Teachers' Perception of the Fine Motor Learning Media Module in Early Childhood in the Red Rose Cluster, Bengkulu City. Journal of Early Childhood Medicine, 2(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.33369/penapaud.v2i1.15802
Aryani, N. W., & Ambara, D. P. (2021). Interactive Multimedia-Based Learning Videos on Early Childhood Cognitive Aspects. Journal of Early Childhood Education Undiksha, 9(2), 252. https://doi.org/10.23887/paud.v9i2.36043
ÇETİN, M., & DEMİRCAN, H. özle. (2020). Erken Çocukluk Döneminde STEM Eğitimi Anlayışı. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 102–117. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.437445
Daryati, M. E. (2023). The Influence of Digital Numerical Media on Number Concept Ability. Kiddo: Journal of Early Childhood Islamic Education, 4(2), 74–87. https://doi.org/10.19105/KIDDO.V4I2.9933
Daryati, M. E., Yulidesni, & Suryadi, D. (2022). Activity of Holder Writing Tool Edutainment in Stimulating Early Childhood Writing Skills. Dharma Raflesia: Scientific Journal of the Development and Application of Science and Technology, 20(2), 373–386. https://doi.org/10.33369/dr.v20i2.21978
Eka Daryati, M., & Suryadi, D. (2022). Analysis of Webbing Techniques to Improve Creative Problem Solving of Early Childhood Education Educator Students Using the Independent Curriculum. Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(1), 110–119. https://doi.org/10.33222/pelitapaud.v7i1.2443
Fauzia, S. A. (2023). The application of obstacle course games to improve the gross motor skills of children aged 4-5 years (group A) at Hom Pim Pa Kindergarten. Al-Abyadh, 6(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.46781/al-abyadh.v6i2.877
Ghofur, E. H., & Nurhayati, S. (2023). Multimedia-Based Storytelling Learning Media Effectiveness for Early Childhood's Expressive Language Skill Development. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 7(6), 6677–6686. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i6.4446
Hanafiah, N. A., Mokodenseho, S., Pawestri Dewi, R. A., Zahruddin, A., & Palayukan, H. (2023). College Media to Develop Fine Motor Skills in Early Childhood. Bulletin of Early Childhood. https://doi.org/10.51278/bec.v2i1.711
Huang, H. M., & Liaw, S. S. (2018). An analysis of learners' intentions toward virtual reality learning based on constructivist and technology acceptance approaches. International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(1), 91–115. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i1.2503
Indrayasa, K. B., & Suryanti, P. E. (2023). The Importance of Nutrition Investment for Early Childhood. Journal of Yoga and Health, 6(2), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.25078/jyk.v6i2.2999
Kristianti, N., Priskila, R., Widiatry, Pranatawijaya, V. H., Adidyana Putra, P. B., Kamala Sari, N. N., Christian, E., & Geges, S. (2024). Augmented Reality Application Training for Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Teachers of Pandehen. Journal of Atma Innovation. https://doi.org/10.24002/jai.v4i4.9437
Liberna, H., Bhakti, Y. B., & Astuti, I. A. D. (2021). The Innovation of Learning Mathematics on the Introduction of Number for Pre-School Students. Formative: Scientific Journal of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.30998/formatif.v11i1.7623
Maulidin, Y., Hani, S. U., Rukmini, M., Rahmawati, N., Fitriayani, N., & Nurhalimah, T. D. (2023). The Urgency of Memorizing Juz 30 in Improving Early Childhood Memory in Hamlet 1 Parakan Garokgek. Journal of Community Service of the Nation, 1(7), 1106–1110. https://doi.org/10.59837/jpmba.v1i7.311
Murray, J. (2024). Learning from babies is an early childhood education. International Journal of Early Years Education, 32(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2024.2313402
Nabighoh, W. N., Mustaji, M., & Hendratno, H. (2022). Improving Early Childhood Mathematical Logic Intelligence through Interactive Media Number Puzzles. Journal of Obsession: Journal of Early Childhood Education, 6(4), 3410–3417. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.2410
Nur, I. R. D., Herman, T., & Dahlan, T. H. (2022). Numeracy Literacy in Early Childhood: An Investigation in Arithmetic, Geometry and Patterns in Early Stage. JTAM (Journal of Mathematical Theory and Applications), 6(2), 308. https://doi.org/10.31764/jtam.v6i2.7007
Nurhayati, N., & Wahyuni, R. (2020). The use of interactive media-based discovery learning models on students' creative thinking skills in learning mathematics. Scientific Journal of Mathematics Education Al Qalasadi, 4(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.32505/qalasadi.v4i1.1748
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