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Abstract
This research has been conducted to determine the quality of processed meat mixed with dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus costarisensis) and determine the length of time of different watering. The method used was an experimental method with a design using a complete randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 4x3 pattern factors consisting of 4 factors of dragon skin extract level of 0% (control), 40%, 60%, 80%, and 3 factors of duration time of watering 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours. Combining these two factors produces 12 combinations in each treatment and were repeated 3 times, thus there will be 36 experimental units. The parameters measured in the study were TBA, water activity, pH, total bacteria (TPC). Data analysis used Anova, if the impact is very significant (P<0.01) Duncan further test was conducted to determine the difference between treatment with SPSS 23 software. This study showed that the interaction between dragon fruit skin extract and the duration factor of watering had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on TBA, pH, TPC, antioxidant activity. The best combination for TBA, pH, TPC, antioxidant activity of meat se'i at 80% for 18 hours. While the activity of se'i water caused the Aw value to increase from 0.84 to 0.96, the best combination for the value of water activity meat se'i at the level of 60% with a length of 12 hours.
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References
- Belitz H.D., Grosch W., and Schieberle P. 2009. Food Chemistry. Fourth edition. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Page 232.
- Choo W.S., and Yong W.K. 2011. Antioxidant properties of two species of Hylocereus fruits. Advances in Applied Science Research 2(3):418- 425.
- Cook N.C., and Samman S. 1996. Flavonoids and Chemistry, Metabolism, Cardioprotective Effect, and Dietary Sources, J. Nutritional Biochemistry, 7(2): 66–67.
- Ekawati P, Rostiati, Syahraeni. 2015. Application of dragon fruit skin extract as a natural dye in soy milk and coconut milk. e-J. Agrotechnbis 3(2):198-205
- El-Nashi H.B., Fattah AFAKA, Rahman N.R.A., El-Razik A. 2015. Quality characteristics of beef sausage containing pomegranate peels during refrigerated storage. Annals Agric Sci. 60(2):403-412.
- Grenn R.J. 2004. Antioxidant activity of peanut plant tissues. (Thesis). Faculty of North California State. 82. pp.
- Harivaindaran K.V., Rebecca O.P.S., Chandran S. 2008. Study of optimal temperature, pH and stability of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel for use as potential natural colorant. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 11(18):2259-2263
- Herawati H. 2008. Determining shelf life in food products. Central Java Agricultural Technology Assessment Center.
- Indonesian National Standard (INS 2897-2008). Methods of testing microbial contamination in meat, eggs and milk, as well as the results of the process. National Standardization Agency (NSA).
- Kusmajadi S., and Lilis S. 2008. Effect of Temperature With Long Fumigation On Acidity And Total Bacteria Broiler Chicken Meat. Journal of Livestock Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp 83-86.
- Lim K., Tan C.P., Karim R., Ariffin A.A., and Bakar J. 2010. Chemical composition and DSC thermal properties of two species of Hylocereus cacti seed oil: Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Food Chemistry 119(4):1326–1331.
- Luckstadt C., and Mellor S. 2011. The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary pottasium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. 18(11):123-130.
- Malelak G.E.M., Lalel H.J.D., Kale P.R., and Jelantik I.G.N. 2017. The Sensory Properties, Color, Microbial, Lipid Oxidation, and Residual Nitrite of Se’i Marinated with Lime and Roselle Calyces Extracts. Media Peternakan. 40(3):194-201
- Malelak G.E.M., Sipahelut G.M., Jelantik I.G.N., Denoratu M.R., and Lalel H.J.D. 2015. Characteristics of se’I (rotenesse smoked meat) treated with coconut shell liquidsmoked and lime extract. Med. Pet. 38: 89-94.
- Malelak G.E.M. 2010. Se'I (Timorese smoked meat). Lamalera Publisher, Jakarta
- Manihuruk F.M. 2016. Effectiveness of adding red dragon fruit skin extract as a dye, antioxidant, and antimicrobial in beef sausage during cold storage [thesis]. Bogor (ID). Bogor Agricultural Institute
- National Standardization Agency. 1992. NSA 01-2891:1992. How to Test Food and Drink, Jakarta.
- Oktasari R., diasari I., Susilawati S. 2020. The long-standing influence of immersion in various concentrations of tamarind cider (Tamarindus indika L) on whc and pH of turkey meat. Journal of Farm Design. 3(1): 84-88
- Santoso A.F., Fibrianto K. 2017. Effect of red dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the quality of chicken sausage: library review. Journal of Food and Agroindustry 5(4):92-96
- Shofiati A., Andriani M.A.M., Anam C. 2014. Study of antioxidant capacity and sensory reception of dragon fruit peel dips (pitaya fruit) with the addition of lemon peel and stevia. Food Technoscience 3(2):5-13
- Tenore G.C., Novellino E., and Basile A. 2012. Nutraceutical potential and antioxidant benefits of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extracts. Journal of Functional Foods 4(1):129–136.
- Waluyo S. 2001. Agricultural Processing Techniques 1. Guide the Practicum. Faculty of Agriculture, UNILA. Lampung. 128 P.
- Wu L.C., Hsu H.W., Chen Y.C., Chiu C.C., Lin Y.I., Ho J.A. 2006. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red pitaya. Food Chemistry 95(2):319–3.
References
Belitz H.D., Grosch W., and Schieberle P. 2009. Food Chemistry. Fourth edition. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Page 232.
Choo W.S., and Yong W.K. 2011. Antioxidant properties of two species of Hylocereus fruits. Advances in Applied Science Research 2(3):418- 425.
Cook N.C., and Samman S. 1996. Flavonoids and Chemistry, Metabolism, Cardioprotective Effect, and Dietary Sources, J. Nutritional Biochemistry, 7(2): 66–67.
Ekawati P, Rostiati, Syahraeni. 2015. Application of dragon fruit skin extract as a natural dye in soy milk and coconut milk. e-J. Agrotechnbis 3(2):198-205
El-Nashi H.B., Fattah AFAKA, Rahman N.R.A., El-Razik A. 2015. Quality characteristics of beef sausage containing pomegranate peels during refrigerated storage. Annals Agric Sci. 60(2):403-412.
Grenn R.J. 2004. Antioxidant activity of peanut plant tissues. (Thesis). Faculty of North California State. 82. pp.
Harivaindaran K.V., Rebecca O.P.S., Chandran S. 2008. Study of optimal temperature, pH and stability of dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) peel for use as potential natural colorant. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 11(18):2259-2263
Herawati H. 2008. Determining shelf life in food products. Central Java Agricultural Technology Assessment Center.
Indonesian National Standard (INS 2897-2008). Methods of testing microbial contamination in meat, eggs and milk, as well as the results of the process. National Standardization Agency (NSA).
Kusmajadi S., and Lilis S. 2008. Effect of Temperature With Long Fumigation On Acidity And Total Bacteria Broiler Chicken Meat. Journal of Livestock Science, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp 83-86.
Lim K., Tan C.P., Karim R., Ariffin A.A., and Bakar J. 2010. Chemical composition and DSC thermal properties of two species of Hylocereus cacti seed oil: Hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. Food Chemistry 119(4):1326–1331.
Luckstadt C., and Mellor S. 2011. The use of organic acids in animal nutrition, with special focus on dietary pottasium diformate under European and Austral-Asian conditions. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. 18(11):123-130.
Malelak G.E.M., Lalel H.J.D., Kale P.R., and Jelantik I.G.N. 2017. The Sensory Properties, Color, Microbial, Lipid Oxidation, and Residual Nitrite of Se’i Marinated with Lime and Roselle Calyces Extracts. Media Peternakan. 40(3):194-201
Malelak G.E.M., Sipahelut G.M., Jelantik I.G.N., Denoratu M.R., and Lalel H.J.D. 2015. Characteristics of se’I (rotenesse smoked meat) treated with coconut shell liquidsmoked and lime extract. Med. Pet. 38: 89-94.
Malelak G.E.M. 2010. Se'I (Timorese smoked meat). Lamalera Publisher, Jakarta
Manihuruk F.M. 2016. Effectiveness of adding red dragon fruit skin extract as a dye, antioxidant, and antimicrobial in beef sausage during cold storage [thesis]. Bogor (ID). Bogor Agricultural Institute
National Standardization Agency. 1992. NSA 01-2891:1992. How to Test Food and Drink, Jakarta.
Oktasari R., diasari I., Susilawati S. 2020. The long-standing influence of immersion in various concentrations of tamarind cider (Tamarindus indika L) on whc and pH of turkey meat. Journal of Farm Design. 3(1): 84-88
Santoso A.F., Fibrianto K. 2017. Effect of red dragon fruit skin extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the quality of chicken sausage: library review. Journal of Food and Agroindustry 5(4):92-96
Shofiati A., Andriani M.A.M., Anam C. 2014. Study of antioxidant capacity and sensory reception of dragon fruit peel dips (pitaya fruit) with the addition of lemon peel and stevia. Food Technoscience 3(2):5-13
Tenore G.C., Novellino E., and Basile A. 2012. Nutraceutical potential and antioxidant benefits of red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) extracts. Journal of Functional Foods 4(1):129–136.
Waluyo S. 2001. Agricultural Processing Techniques 1. Guide the Practicum. Faculty of Agriculture, UNILA. Lampung. 128 P.
Wu L.C., Hsu H.W., Chen Y.C., Chiu C.C., Lin Y.I., Ho J.A. 2006. Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of red pitaya. Food Chemistry 95(2):319–3.