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Abstract
This study aimed to study the digestibility quality of Elephant Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and concentrate with the addition of urea molasses in vitro. The study was conducted in vitro using an experimental method. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five repetitions: T0 (Elephant Grass 100%), T1 (Elephant Grass 60% + 40% Concentrate), T2 (Elephant Grass 60%) % + Umos 40%) T3 (Elephant Grass 60% + Concentrate 20% + Umos 20%). The results showed no effect (P>0.05) of the combination treatment on dry matter digestibility. Meanwhile, T2 and T3 treatments affected the fermentation quality, including VFA, NH3, total gas production, and methane gas concentration.
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References
- Bhatt, R. S., L. Soni, and A. Sahoo. 2019. Methane production and microbial protein synthesis in adult sheep fed total mixed ration as mash and as complete feed block. Carbon Management 10(3): 241-253.
- Cakra, I.G.L.O., A.A.A.S. Trisnadewi, I. M. Mudi and A.A.P.P. Wibawa. 2018. Using Molasses in a Rice Straw Urea Lime Molasses Mixture to Improve Digestibility and In vitro Metabolite Fermentation. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 17 (12): 677-682.
- Changqing Li, Alatengdalai, Shuyuan Xue, A. Asano, A. Tajima, and N. Ishikawa. 2018. Dynamic Changes of Main Rumen Microflora and Ruminal Fermentation in Sheep Supplemented with Molasses-Urea. Journal of Rangeland Science 8(1): 1-10.
- Ciriaco, F. M., D. D. Henry, V. R. G. Mercadante, T. M. Schulmeister, M. Ruiz-Moreno, G. C. Lamb, and N. DiLorenzo. 2016. Effects of molasses and crude glycerol combined in a liquid supplement on ruminal fermentation in beef steers consuming Bermuda grass hay, Journal of Animal Science 94 (9): 3851–3863.
- Evan, C, M. Almeida, J. Paschoaloto, E. Castro Filho, R. Barducci, G. Soragni, E. Zampieri Neto, A. Pedro, J. Ezequiel. 2018. PSXV-17 Effects of increasing concentrations of soybean molasses on feed intake, growth performance, carcass and meat traits of feedlot lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 96(3): 471.
- Gordon, L. J. T. J. DeVries. 2016. Technical note: Impact of a molasses-based liquid feed supplement on the feed sorting behavior and growth of grain-fed veal calves. Journal of Animal Science 94(8): 3519–3526.
- Kang, S., M. Wanapat, and A. Nunoi. 2018. Effect of urea and molasses supplementation on quality of cassava top silage. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27: 74–80.
- Keskin, B., I. H. Yilmaz, M. A. Karsli, and H. Nursoy. 2005. Effects of Urea or Urea plus Molasses Supplementation to Silages with Different Sorghum Varieties Harvested at the Milk Stage on the Quality and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Silages. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 29: 1143-1147.
- Maxwell, C. L. B. C. Bernhard, C. F. O'Neill, B. K. Wilson, C. G. Hixon, C. L. Haviland, A. N. Grimes, M. S. Calvo-Lorenzo, D. L. VanOverbeke, G. G. Mafi, C. J. Richards, D. L. Step, B. P. Holland, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2015. The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, Journal of Animal Science 93(3): 1340–1349.
- Maxwell, C. L. B. C. Bernhard, C. F. O'Neill, B. K. Wilson, C. G. Hixon, C. L. Haviland, A. N. Grimes, M. S. Calvo-Lorenzo, D. L. VanOverbeke, G. G. Mafi, C. J. Richards, D. L. Step, B. P. Holland, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2015. The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, Journal of Animal Science 93(3): 1340–1349.
- Norrapoke, T., M. Wanapat, A. Cherdthong, S. Kang, K. Phesatcha and T. Pongjongmit. 2017. Improvement of nutritive value of cassava pulp and in vitro fermentation and microbial population by urea and molasses supplementation. Journal of Applied Animal Research 46(1): 242-247.
- Phesatcha, K. and M. Wanapat. 2016. Improvement of Nutritive Value and In vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Leucaena Silage by Molasses and Urea Supplementation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 29(8): 1136–1144.
- Ruangyote, P. and M. Wanapat. 2018. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1): 81-86.
- Silva, L. G., P. D. B. Benedeti, E. M. Paula, F. Malekjahani, P. M. Amaral, L. D. S. Mariz, T. Shenkoru, and A. P. Faciola. 2017. Effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in a dual-flow continuous culture system, Journal of Animal Science 95(3): 1335–1344.
- Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1995. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Rather Sumantri Language, B. Statistics Principles and Procedures. Issue 4 P. T. Publishers Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
- Tilley, J.M.A. and R.A. Terry. 1963. A Two-Stage Technique For In Vitro Digestion Of Forage Crop. J. British Grassland Society. 18: 104-111. F.L.
- Vongsamphanh, P., T. R. Preston, and R. A. Leng. 2017. Glycerol supplementation increased growth rates, decreased the acetate: propionate ratio in rumen VFA, and reduced enteric methane emissions, in cattle fattened on cassava pulp-urea, brewers’ grains and rice straw. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 29 (2).
References
Bhatt, R. S., L. Soni, and A. Sahoo. 2019. Methane production and microbial protein synthesis in adult sheep fed total mixed ration as mash and as complete feed block. Carbon Management 10(3): 241-253.
Cakra, I.G.L.O., A.A.A.S. Trisnadewi, I. M. Mudi and A.A.P.P. Wibawa. 2018. Using Molasses in a Rice Straw Urea Lime Molasses Mixture to Improve Digestibility and In vitro Metabolite Fermentation. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 17 (12): 677-682.
Changqing Li, Alatengdalai, Shuyuan Xue, A. Asano, A. Tajima, and N. Ishikawa. 2018. Dynamic Changes of Main Rumen Microflora and Ruminal Fermentation in Sheep Supplemented with Molasses-Urea. Journal of Rangeland Science 8(1): 1-10.
Ciriaco, F. M., D. D. Henry, V. R. G. Mercadante, T. M. Schulmeister, M. Ruiz-Moreno, G. C. Lamb, and N. DiLorenzo. 2016. Effects of molasses and crude glycerol combined in a liquid supplement on ruminal fermentation in beef steers consuming Bermuda grass hay, Journal of Animal Science 94 (9): 3851–3863.
Evan, C, M. Almeida, J. Paschoaloto, E. Castro Filho, R. Barducci, G. Soragni, E. Zampieri Neto, A. Pedro, J. Ezequiel. 2018. PSXV-17 Effects of increasing concentrations of soybean molasses on feed intake, growth performance, carcass and meat traits of feedlot lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 96(3): 471.
Gordon, L. J. T. J. DeVries. 2016. Technical note: Impact of a molasses-based liquid feed supplement on the feed sorting behavior and growth of grain-fed veal calves. Journal of Animal Science 94(8): 3519–3526.
Kang, S., M. Wanapat, and A. Nunoi. 2018. Effect of urea and molasses supplementation on quality of cassava top silage. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 27: 74–80.
Keskin, B., I. H. Yilmaz, M. A. Karsli, and H. Nursoy. 2005. Effects of Urea or Urea plus Molasses Supplementation to Silages with Different Sorghum Varieties Harvested at the Milk Stage on the Quality and In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Silages. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 29: 1143-1147.
Maxwell, C. L. B. C. Bernhard, C. F. O'Neill, B. K. Wilson, C. G. Hixon, C. L. Haviland, A. N. Grimes, M. S. Calvo-Lorenzo, D. L. VanOverbeke, G. G. Mafi, C. J. Richards, D. L. Step, B. P. Holland, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2015. The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, Journal of Animal Science 93(3): 1340–1349.
Maxwell, C. L. B. C. Bernhard, C. F. O'Neill, B. K. Wilson, C. G. Hixon, C. L. Haviland, A. N. Grimes, M. S. Calvo-Lorenzo, D. L. VanOverbeke, G. G. Mafi, C. J. Richards, D. L. Step, B. P. Holland, and C. R. Krehbiel. 2015. The effects of technology use in feedlot production systems on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics, Journal of Animal Science 93(3): 1340–1349.
Norrapoke, T., M. Wanapat, A. Cherdthong, S. Kang, K. Phesatcha and T. Pongjongmit. 2017. Improvement of nutritive value of cassava pulp and in vitro fermentation and microbial population by urea and molasses supplementation. Journal of Applied Animal Research 46(1): 242-247.
Phesatcha, K. and M. Wanapat. 2016. Improvement of Nutritive Value and In vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Leucaena Silage by Molasses and Urea Supplementation. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 29(8): 1136–1144.
Ruangyote, P. and M. Wanapat. 2018. Chemical composition and in vitro gas production of fermented cassava pulp with different types of supplements, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46(1): 81-86.
Silva, L. G., P. D. B. Benedeti, E. M. Paula, F. Malekjahani, P. M. Amaral, L. D. S. Mariz, T. Shenkoru, and A. P. Faciola. 2017. Effects of carbohydrate and nitrogen supplementation on fermentation of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) in a dual-flow continuous culture system, Journal of Animal Science 95(3): 1335–1344.
Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1995. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. Rather Sumantri Language, B. Statistics Principles and Procedures. Issue 4 P. T. Publishers Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta.
Tilley, J.M.A. and R.A. Terry. 1963. A Two-Stage Technique For In Vitro Digestion Of Forage Crop. J. British Grassland Society. 18: 104-111. F.L.
Vongsamphanh, P., T. R. Preston, and R. A. Leng. 2017. Glycerol supplementation increased growth rates, decreased the acetate: propionate ratio in rumen VFA, and reduced enteric methane emissions, in cattle fattened on cassava pulp-urea, brewers’ grains and rice straw. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 29 (2).