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Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate the potency of ammonia production from broiler’s manure based on the age phase of ration administration on the closed and open house cage. This research used Completely Randomized Design in Factorial 3x 2 with the first factor was three age phase of rations administration (0-10 days old, 11-21 days old and 22-32 days old) with three replications of each age phases. The second factor was the type of cage system (closed and open house) with two cages of each cage type. The variable observed was the ammonia concentration from broiler’s manure. The Data were analyzed for their variance by Analyzes of Variance (Anova). The detailed test used Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result of this research showed that the age phases of ration administration increased the manure ammonia concentration (P<0.05). The older of age phase increased the ammonia concentration. The cage system had significant effect to ammonia concentration. The closed house system produced the ammonia concentration higher than open house cage. The technology that were used in closed house system had a positive effect to ammonia mitigation.
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References
- Alimuddin, K. B. Seminar, I.D. M. Subrata, Sumiati & N Nomura. 2016. A Supervisory Control System for Temperature and Humidity in a Closed House Model for Broilers. International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 06. Pages: 33-41
- Aneja, V. P., W.H. Schlesinger, D. Niyosi, G. Jennings, W. Gilliam, RE. Knighton, C.S. Duke, J. Blunden & S. Krishnan. 2006. Emergency national research needs for Agriculture air quality union 87: 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8024403
- Brigden & Stringer, 2000. Amonia dan Urea Production: Incidents of amonia release from frofertil urea and amonia facility, Bahia Bianca, Argentina. Greenpeace. Research Laborotories, Departement of Giological science University of Exeter. United Kingdom
- Charles, D.R. 2000. Responses to the thermal environment. In Poultry Environment Problem, A guide to solution. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
- General Laboratory Procedures. 1966. Department of Dairy Science. University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Justiani, A.D. 2021. Hubungan paparan gas amonia terhadap gangguan pernapasan pada pekerja peternakan ayam. Jurnal Medika Hutama. Vol 02 No 02 hal :750-756.
- Lima, K.A.O., D.J. Moura, T.M.R. Carvalho, L.G.F. Bueno and R.A. Vercellino. 2011. Ammonia emissions in tunnel-ventilated broiler houses. Brazillian Journal of Poultry Science 13(4): 265-270.
- Maliselo, S. and P. Mwaanga. 2016. Effects of pH, moisture, and excreta age on ammonia emission in a poultry house: A case study for Kitwe, Zambia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 6(8): 73-76.
- Patterson, P. H. and Adrizal. 2005. Management strategies to reduce air emissions: emphasis-dust and ammonia. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 14(3): 638-650. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.638
- Pauzenga. 1991. Animal production in the 90.s in harmony with nature: A case study in the Nederlands. Biotechnology in the feed industry (T. P. Lyons Eds.). Kentucky: Nicholasville.
- Ritz, C.W., B.D. Fairchild and M.P. Lacy. 2014.Implications of ammonia production and emissions from commercial poultry facilities: A Review. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13(4): 684-692. https://jurnal.unupurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/j-abet/issue/view/3
- Rothrock Jr., M. J., K. L. Cook., J. G. Warren, and K. Sistani. 2008. The effect of alum addition on microbial communities in poultry litter. Poult. Sci. 87:1493-1503.
- Sousa, F.C., M. Barbari, F. Baptista, C. F. Souza1, A. O. Saraz, D. J. R. Coelho, and A. L. Silva. 2018. Diagnosis of air quality in broilers production in hot climates. Agron. Res. 16:582-592. doi:10.15159/AR.18.070.
- Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 2003. Principles and procedurs of statistic, 2, Mc. Graw – Hill.Book.co. Inc. Newyork.
- William, D.W. and R. Meijerhof. 1990. The Effect of Different Levels of relative humidity and air movement on litter conditions, ammonia levels, growth, and carcass quality for broiler chickens. Journal. Poultry Science, 70: 746- 755. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0700746
- Yuwono, T.A., D. Sukowati, A. Ristiono. 2021. Kajian pencemaran lingkungan pada sumur warga di sekitar peternakan ayam broiler desa Karangreja Kecamatan Kutasari Kabupaten Purbalingga. Journal Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering in The Tropics. 3 (1), Hal :29-37
References
Alimuddin, K. B. Seminar, I.D. M. Subrata, Sumiati & N Nomura. 2016. A Supervisory Control System for Temperature and Humidity in a Closed House Model for Broilers. International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 06. Pages: 33-41
Aneja, V. P., W.H. Schlesinger, D. Niyosi, G. Jennings, W. Gilliam, RE. Knighton, C.S. Duke, J. Blunden & S. Krishnan. 2006. Emergency national research needs for Agriculture air quality union 87: 25-29. https://doi.org/10.1021/es8024403
Brigden & Stringer, 2000. Amonia dan Urea Production: Incidents of amonia release from frofertil urea and amonia facility, Bahia Bianca, Argentina. Greenpeace. Research Laborotories, Departement of Giological science University of Exeter. United Kingdom
Charles, D.R. 2000. Responses to the thermal environment. In Poultry Environment Problem, A guide to solution. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
General Laboratory Procedures. 1966. Department of Dairy Science. University of Wisconsin, Madison
Justiani, A.D. 2021. Hubungan paparan gas amonia terhadap gangguan pernapasan pada pekerja peternakan ayam. Jurnal Medika Hutama. Vol 02 No 02 hal :750-756.
Lima, K.A.O., D.J. Moura, T.M.R. Carvalho, L.G.F. Bueno and R.A. Vercellino. 2011. Ammonia emissions in tunnel-ventilated broiler houses. Brazillian Journal of Poultry Science 13(4): 265-270.
Maliselo, S. and P. Mwaanga. 2016. Effects of pH, moisture, and excreta age on ammonia emission in a poultry house: A case study for Kitwe, Zambia. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 6(8): 73-76.
Patterson, P. H. and Adrizal. 2005. Management strategies to reduce air emissions: emphasis-dust and ammonia. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 14(3): 638-650. https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/14.3.638
Pauzenga. 1991. Animal production in the 90.s in harmony with nature: A case study in the Nederlands. Biotechnology in the feed industry (T. P. Lyons Eds.). Kentucky: Nicholasville.
Ritz, C.W., B.D. Fairchild and M.P. Lacy. 2014.Implications of ammonia production and emissions from commercial poultry facilities: A Review. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research 13(4): 684-692. https://jurnal.unupurwokerto.ac.id/index.php/j-abet/issue/view/3
Rothrock Jr., M. J., K. L. Cook., J. G. Warren, and K. Sistani. 2008. The effect of alum addition on microbial communities in poultry litter. Poult. Sci. 87:1493-1503.
Sousa, F.C., M. Barbari, F. Baptista, C. F. Souza1, A. O. Saraz, D. J. R. Coelho, and A. L. Silva. 2018. Diagnosis of air quality in broilers production in hot climates. Agron. Res. 16:582-592. doi:10.15159/AR.18.070.
Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie, 2003. Principles and procedurs of statistic, 2, Mc. Graw – Hill.Book.co. Inc. Newyork.
William, D.W. and R. Meijerhof. 1990. The Effect of Different Levels of relative humidity and air movement on litter conditions, ammonia levels, growth, and carcass quality for broiler chickens. Journal. Poultry Science, 70: 746- 755. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0700746
Yuwono, T.A., D. Sukowati, A. Ristiono. 2021. Kajian pencemaran lingkungan pada sumur warga di sekitar peternakan ayam broiler desa Karangreja Kecamatan Kutasari Kabupaten Purbalingga. Journal Agriculture and Biosystem Engineering in The Tropics. 3 (1), Hal :29-37